Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video


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Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video

Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video
Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video
Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video
Exploring the World of Bitrate in Digital Video

 

In the dynamic landscape of digital video, Bitrate stands as a linchpin of quality and performance. In this comprehensive guide, we embark on a meticulous journey to unravel the intricacies of Bitrate, unveiling its significance and multifaceted dimensions.

Video Bitrate Essentials

Video Bitrate

Video Bitrate is the pulse of digital video. It signifies the pace at which data flows per unit of time within a video. Picture it as the guardian of video fidelity, affecting every second of your viewing experience.

Bitrate in Digital Video

Bitrate in digital video wields the scepter of influence over the quality and performance of video content. Content creators and streaming platforms navigate its realm with care.

Video Encoding Bitrate

Understanding Video Encoding Bitrate is akin to grasping the intricacies of preserving video quality while managing file sizes efficiently. It’s a crucial element of the video production process.

Bitrate for Video Streaming

For online audiences, Bitrate for Video Streaming is the guardian of a buffer-free and high-quality viewing experience. This parameter is the bridge between content providers and viewers.

Optimal Bitrate for Video

Unlocking the secret of the Optimal Bitrate for Video is a quest for balance. It’s the equilibrium between video quality and storage efficiency, a key decision in content creation.

Decoding the Bitrate-Quality Nexus

Video Quality Bitrate

Video Quality Bitrate is the canvas upon which visual excellence is painted. Elevating the bitrate enhances not only clarity but also detail and motion fluidity—a hallmark of superb video quality.

Bitrate in Video Compression

Bitrate and video compression dance a delicate tango. Adjusting the bitrate influences not just quality but also file sizes. It’s a tightrope act content creators perform with finesse.

Variable Bitrate vs. Constant Bitrate

Variable Bitrate (VBR) and Constant Bitrate (CBR) represent two divergent paths. One adapts to the complexity of video content, while the other maintains a steady course. Knowing when to use each is an art.

Cracking the Bitrate Code

How does Bitrate affect video quality?

Bitrate’s role in shaping video quality is akin to the conductor of an orchestra. It orchestrates the symphony of pixels, ensuring each note is crisp and harmonious.

What is the difference between Bitrate and Resolution?

While Bitrate influences the flow of data, video resolution determines the canvas size. These two pillars of video quality work in tandem, each with its own significance.

How to calculate Bitrate for video streaming?

Calculating the ideal Bitrate for video streaming involves a mix of science and art. Factors like resolution, frame rate, and desired quality come together in a formula that ensures a smooth viewing experience.

Can a higher Bitrate improve low-light video?

Low-light situations challenge video quality, and Bitrate plays a role in addressing this challenge. Explore how increasing Bitrate can illuminate the darkest corners of your footage.

Does Bitrate impact file size?

Bitrate and file size share a symbiotic relationship. As Bitrate climbs, so does the appetite for storage. This understanding is pivotal in managing your video library efficiently.

What is the relationship between Bitrate and compression?

Bitrate and compression are the yin and yang of video storage. One influences quality, the other conserves space. Dive into their intricate relationship and its impact on your videos.

Is there a recommended Bitrate for 4K video?

4K video demands a bit more of everything, including Bitrate. Delve into the recommended Bitrate standards for the ultra-high-definition realm.

How do I choose the right Bitrate for live streaming?

Live streaming introduces real-time dynamics. The right Bitrate choice ensures your audience experiences your broadcast without hiccups. It’s a delicate balancing act.

What happens if my Bitrate is too low for my video?

A low Bitrate can mar the viewing experience, leading to pixelation and buffering. Explore the repercussions and strategies to remedy the situation.

Are there Bitrate standards for different video formats?

Different video formats have unique appetites for Bitrate. Familiarize yourself with the standards for common formats to ensure compatibility and optimal quality.

Navigating the Bitrate Seas

Diversity in Standards

Video formats march to their own drumbeat, each with its Bitrate requirements. Explore these standards to keep your content in harmony with different platforms and devices.

Adapting to Format Demands

Efficiency in video production and streaming comes from aligning with specific Bitrate standards. Embrace the versatility of Bitrate adjustments for an enhanced video journey.
As we conclude our voyage through the world of Bitrate in digital video, remember that mastering this element empowers content creators, streaming platforms, and viewers alike. Bitrate is the silent architect of video quality, and its nuances are yours to explore and leverage.

Adaptive Bitrate Streaming

A Formula for Viewer Satisfaction

Adaptive Bitrate Streaming is the secret sauce behind viewer satisfaction. It dynamically adjusts the video’s Bitrate in real-time to match the viewer’s internet connection speed. This means smoother playback, fewer interruptions, and a superior experience for your audience.

Enhancing User Experience

Imagine a scenario where a viewer with a slow internet connection tries to watch your video. Without adaptive streaming, they might experience constant buffering and frustration. Adaptive Bitrate Streaming, however, steps in to provide the best possible quality that their connection can handle. It’s the difference between a viewer hitting the “close” button in frustration and enjoying your content to the fullest.

Bitrate in Low-Light Video

The Role of Bitrate in Challenging Conditions

Low-light video situations can be tricky. When light is scarce, your camera sensor struggles to capture details. Bitrate becomes critical in these conditions because it determines how much data is allocated to represent the limited visual information. Higher Bitrates can help salvage some detail in low-light scenes.

Enhancing Low-Light Video

To enhance low-light video, you can make adjustments both in terms of hardware and software. Upgrading to a camera with better low-light performance is a hardware solution. On the software side, you can increase the Bitrate to capture more information. It’s all about finding the right balance to produce clear and engaging content even in challenging lighting situations.

Bitrate and File Size

The Trade-Off

Bitrate and file size share an interesting trade-off. As you increase the Bitrate to improve video quality, you simultaneously increase the file size. This can be a double-edged sword. While viewers get to enjoy higher quality, it also means your videos consume more storage space.

Video Compression and Bitrate

Video compression techniques come to the rescue when dealing with large file sizes. They are responsible for reducing the amount of data needed to represent a video while maintaining an acceptable level of quality. Bitrate and compression work hand in hand, allowing you to find the perfect balance between quality and storage efficiency.

Recommended Bitrate for 4K Video

Meeting the 4K Standard

Producing and streaming 4K video is a different ball game. It demands a significantly higher Bitrate compared to lower resolutions like 1080p. The recommended Bitrate ensures that your 4K content retains its stunning clarity and detail.

Variable vs. Constant Bitrate

When working with 4K video, you might consider using Variable Bitrate (VBR) instead of Constant Bitrate (CBR). VBR adapts to the complexity of the content, allocating more data to visually intricate scenes and less to simpler ones. This results in better quality for your 4K videos.

Choosing the Right Bitrate for Live Streaming

Live Streaming Dynamics

Live streaming introduces its own set of dynamics. Unlike pre-recorded content, you have no control over what’s coming next. Choosing the right Bitrate is crucial to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted live broadcast.

Failures and Solutions

In the world of live streaming, hiccups can occur. If your chosen Bitrate is too high for your available bandwidth, viewers may experience buffering. On the other hand, if it’s too low, the quality might suffer. This section explores common issues and provides solutions to keep your live stream running flawlessly.

Bitrate Standards for Different Video Formats

Diversity in Standards

Different video formats have unique Bitrate standards. H.264, H.265, VP9, and others each have their own requirements. Understanding and adhering to these standards is crucial to ensure your videos are compatible with various devices and platforms.

Adapting to Format Demands

To optimize your video content for different formats, you’ll need to adapt your Bitrate settings accordingly. By doing so, you can reach a wider audience and provide a superior viewing experience, regardless of the device or format your viewers choose.
As we conclude this in-depth exploration of Bitrate in digital video, you now possess a comprehensive understanding of its significance and the various factors that influence its utilization. Whether you’re a content creator aiming for the highest quality, a streaming platform seeking seamless viewer experiences, or a viewer looking for the best content, Bitrate is the silent maestro that shapes your digital video journey.


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Principles of Video Encoding

Principles of Video Encoding

Principles of Video Encoding
Principles of Video Encoding
Principles of Video Encoding
Principles of Video Encoding

Video Compression Techniques

Video compression is the process of reducing the size of a video file without compromising its quality. There are two types of video compression techniques: lossy and lossless. Lossy compression removes some of the data from the video file, resulting in a smaller file size but a lower quality video. Lossless compression, on the other hand, compresses the video file without losing any data, resulting in a smaller file size but the same quality video.

Video Encoding Standards

Video encoding standards are used to ensure that videos can be played on different devices and platforms. The most common video encoding standards are H.264 and H.265. H.264 is an older standard that is widely used, while H.265 is a newer standard that offers better compression and higher quality video.

Video Bitrate

Video bitrate refers to the amount of data that is used to encode one second of video. The higher the bitrate, the better the quality of the video, but the larger the file size. The bitrate is usually measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps).

Video Codec

Video Quality

Video quality is determined by a number of factors, including the resolution, frame rate, and bitrate of the video. Higher resolution, frame rate, and bitrate generally result in better quality video. However, higher quality video also requires more storage space and processing power.

Video Resolution

Video resolution refers to the number of pixels in the video frame. The most common video resolutions are 720p, 1080p, and 4K. Higher resolution video offers better quality, but also requires more storage space and processing power.

Video Frame Rate

Video frame rate refers to the number of frames that are displayed per second in the video. The most common frame rates are 24, 30, and 60 frames per second. Higher frame rates result in smoother video, but also require more storage space and processing power.
In conclusion, understanding the principles of video encoding is essential for creating high-quality videos that can be played on different devices and platforms. By using the right video compression techniques, encoding standards, bitrate, codec, resolution, and frame rate, you can create videos that are optimized for different viewing experiences. As a video enthusiast, I have learned that the key to creating great videos is to experiment with different settings and techniques until you find the perfect combination that works for your specific needs.

Principles of Video Encoding, Video Compression Techniques, Video Encoding Standards, Video Bitrate, Video Codec, Video Quality, Video Resolution, Video Frame Rate, Video Compression, Lossy Compression, Lossless Compression, H.264, H.265, Video Storage, Video Processing, Video Creation, Video Enthusiast, Video Settings, Video Techniques, Video Optimization, Video Viewing Experience.

What is the maximum video bit depth supported by MP4?

What is the maximum video bit depth supported by MP4?

Mp4 video bit depth
Mp4 video bit depth
Mp4 video bit depth
Mp4 video bit depth

Understanding the MP4 Video File Format

As video technology has advanced, so too has the number of video file formats available. One of the most popular video file formats today is the MP4 format. The MP4 format is known for its versatility and compatibility with a wide range of devices and platforms.

One of the key features of the MP4 file format is its ability to compress video data without sacrificing quality. This is achieved through the use of video compression algorithms, which reduce the amount of data required to store video content while maintaining its visual fidelity.

Maximizing Video Quality in MP4

To ensure that your MP4 videos look their best, it’s important to understand the maximum video bit depth supported by the format. Bit depth refers to the number of bits used to represent each color in a video image. The higher the bit depth, the more colors that can be represented, resulting in smoother gradients and more accurate color reproduction.

The maximum video bit depth supported by MP4 is 10 bits per channel, which allows for a total of 1.07 billion possible colors. This is a significant improvement over the 8-bit color depth supported by many other video file formats, which only allows for 16.7 million colors.

To take advantage of the higher bit depth supported by MP4, it’s important to use a video encoder that supports 10-bit color depth. This will ensure that your videos have the maximum possible color accuracy and quality.

Ensuring Compatibility and Playback

While MP4 is a widely supported video file format, it’s important to ensure that your videos are compatible with the devices and platforms you intend to use them on. This includes checking the video codec used in your MP4 files, as well as the audio codec and other technical specifications.

In addition, it’s important to consider the playback software or hardware that will be used to view your MP4 videos. Not all devices and software support the maximum video bit depth of 10 bits per channel, so it’s important to test your videos on a range of devices to ensure they will play back correctly.

Final Words

In conclusion, understanding the maximum video bit depth supported by MP4 is important for ensuring the best possible video quality. By using a video encoder that supports 10-bit color depth and testing your videos on a range of devices, you can ensure that your MP4 videos look their best and are compatible with a wide range of platforms.

What video bitrate is appropriate for video? Part 2

What video bitrate is appropriate for video? Part 2

Video Bitrate
Video Bitrate

Ultra Clear 720P>=1.5M (Standard 1280Ă—720 resolution, minimum 960*540, this and higher resolutions are in MP4 era) [some websites have this minimum requirement to upload]

Video Bitrate
Video Bitrate

Blu-ray 1080P>=2.5M (1920 Ă— 1080 standard resolution) [optimal 4-8M] [220M when the material is stored] [some websites have this higher requirement for uploading] (it is better to use 720P and 1080P when make videos )

2K=(2048Ă—1080 resolution)
4K=(4096Ă—2160 resolution) [Optimal 8-12M]
The most normative statement is:
reaching 720p resolution is the threshold for high definition signal sources, 720p is called the HD (high definition) standard;
up to 1080p resolution, known as the Full HD (full high definition) Blu-ray standard.
2K refers to 2048 Ă— 1080, and the actual resolution of Quad HD (four times high definition, 2K can be called “four times ultra high definition”) has various specifications, and the ones listed above are just common specifications. ;

4K refers to 3840 Ă— 2160, and the actual resolution of Quad Full HD (four times full HD, 4K is called “four times ultra full HD”) has various specifications, and the ones listed above are just common specifications. .
Blu-ray is the clearest and SD is the worst If your internet speed can’t bring you 1080p, then at least 720p won’t feel blurry to the naked eye.
P refers to the number of horizontal scan lines, and the higher the number, the higher the resolution of the image. The letter P stands for progressive scan.

1. What is the video bitrate?

Video bitrate is the number of bits of video data (color, brightness, and pixels) that are output per second. The unit generally used is kbps.

2. Recommended bitrate for video size and resolution

How much video bitrate is appropriate (above H.264 bitrate, 720P, 1080P output bitrate setting)

3. A set of formulas to set the bitrate is shared with you as follows:

How much video bitrate is appropriate (above H.264 bitrate, 720P, 1080P output bitrate setting)

Regarding the two items of “Use the highest rendering quality” and “Process with the maximum depth” when exporting from PR editing software, the effect of image quality is not obvious on the big screen and the output time can increase exponentially depending on the complexity of the track. I also encountered this problem in the morning. I have been there, it is a waste of time and the effect is average. So I usually don’t choose this.

What video bitrate is appropriate for video?

What video bitrate is appropriate for video?

Video Bit Rate
Video Bit Rate

At present, 720p video recommended minimum bitrate is above, h.264 encoding 2M bitrate is adequate, 1080p is 4M enough
to get a high-quality video, convert it with different bitrates, and then compare the image quality.

Video Bit Rate
Video Bit Rate

The most commonly used are: h.264 encoding, 1080P, 2.5M bit rate or more.
Summary: [h.264 encoding, 2.5M bitrate (up to 4M), maximum 4M bitrate (add 2M to target), most platforms are Blu-ray. 】

1. If the bitrate is higher than the original video, it will not be a bit higher than the original video. When you move, you’ll pick a lower point to compress the file a bit.
2. 1080P 1M bitrate has distortion feeling to watch on computer, and 2M can’t see distortion, you can adjust the bitrate to 4M to get the best.
The following are the bitrate upload requirements for a platform:

How much video bitrate is appropriate (above H.264 bitrate, 720P, 1080P output bitrate setting)

How much video bitrate is appropriate (above H.264 bitrate, 720P, 1080P output bitrate setting)

***Normal 240p, 320p SD, 480p HD, 720p Ultra HD, 1080p Full HD (Blu-ray), 2K, 4k Ultra HD ***
Normal 240P (320×240 standard resolution, it was 3GP, this is basically nobody used)
SD 270P<0.8M (360Ă—270 standard resolution, was 3GP, rarely used) [140M when storing 422 materials]

High definition 480P (360P)>=0.8M (standard resolution of 640 Ă— 480, minimum 480 * 360, was 3GP) [480 re-advertising is called high definition, but the normative statement can only be regarded as standard definition]

What is the code rate? Part 3

What is the code rate? Part 3

code rate

Video imaging methods are mainly divided into two types: interlaced scan and progressive scan.

code rate

In plain and simple terms, an image (a frame) is made up of lines made up of hundreds of rows of pixels.

Interlacing means that only half of the lines are displayed on one screen at a time, and is made up of odd or even lines, displayed alternately with each other. It is commonly said “i”.

Originally, the image the TV would transmit per second was set to 50 frames per second. Think that the image does not flash in our eyes. However, according to the technology at the time, it was difficult to achieve 50 frames per second of TV transmission. Scientists used the persistence of human vision to invent interlaced transmission.

Interleaving is a technology developed to transmit television signals using limited bandwidth. In an interlaced system, only half the number of horizontal lines per video frame is transmitted at a time. The viewer can perceive each frame at full resolution due to transfer speed, display persistence, and persistence of vision. All analog TV standards use interlace technology. Digital television standards include interlaced and non-interlaced technologies.

(The above is official Adobe content)

We all use no field (line by line) now

video ratio

Video ratio refers to the ratio of the length to width of the video screen played by the video player. The ratio between the length and width of the CRT television used in ordinary homes is 4:3, that is, the video ratio is 4:3. The high-definition screen video ratio (TV and mobile) that is currently being developed is 16:9. The current full screen mobile phone is 17: 9

Due to the development and application of various screens, video production is also relatively informal, and will be adjusted according to the requirements of Part A, such as large conference screens and advertising screens.

What is the code rate? Part 2

What is the code rate? Part 2

Code Rate

Generally speaking, there are only a few common frame numbers that we use to make videos: 24 frames, 25 frames, 29.97 frames, and 30 frames.

code rate

Different areas and different uses require different frames.

Frames per second

Frame rate is also known as the abbreviation FPS (Frames PerSecond): frames per second. It refers to the number of image frames that are updated per second, which can also be understood as the graphics processor can update multiple times per second. The more frames per second (FPS), the smoother the motion is displayed. When capturing dynamic video content, the higher the number, the better.

If the frame rate exceeds the refresh rate of the screen, it only wastes graphics processing power, because the monitor cannot refresh as fast, so the frame rate that exceeds the refresh rate is wasted.

For games, in general, first person shooters pay more attention to the FPS level, if FPS is <30, the game will seem inconsistent. So, there is an interesting saying: “FPS (referring to FPS games) focuses on FPS (referring to frame rate).

The frame rate is not as high as possible. Most common mobile phone recording frame rates on the market are 30fps, TV 25/30 (common use) 50/60fps, etc. (sports shots), high-speed cameras 120/240 fps (slow motion)

iphone7 camera parameters

Resolution

Resolution, also known as resolution and resolution, can be classified into two directions: screen resolution and image resolution.

Screen resolution (screen resolution) is the accuracy of the screen image and refers to how many pixels a monitor can display.

What is the code rate?

What is the code rate?

CODE RATE

What is the bit rate for? What is frame rate? What is the resolution?

CODE RATE

Students often ask, what is the code rate? What is the bit rate for? What is frame rate? What is the resolution?

This problem of not being able to speak clearly, listening and not understanding has worried many beginners.

Today Ben Shuai specially came to solve these professional terms for you.

frame

In the video, do you know what the unit less than a second is?

That’s right, it’s what I’m going to talk about today: “framework”!

Frame: It is the smallest unit in video animation and countless frames constitute seconds.

Simply put, one frame equals one image, and a second is made up of a certain frame, that is, a certain number of images!

Play the images continuously and you will see dynamic images under the influence of the visual residue produced by your eyes.

The more frames per second, the smoother and more realistic the images we see!

We also call the number of frames in 1 second the number of frames, usually expressed in fps (FramesPer Second).

Bitrate Part 2

Bitrate Part 2

bitrate

The amount of information transmitted through the channel per unit of time is called the bit rate, and the unit is bits per second (bit/s), called the bit rate.

BITRATE

Bitrate is often used in communications as a synonym for connection speed, transmission speed, channel capacity, peak throughput, and digital bandwidth capacity. The higher the bit rate, the higher the data transfer. Bit rate in video refers to the sampling rate at which an analog signal is converted to a digital signal [4] . Video file quality is often measured in terms of bitrate. [4] .
Distinction of conceptedit transmission
Baud rate is also known as waveform rate or modulation rate. The code for a data unit is represented by a finite combination of numbers, each of which is a symbol (or code point). In electrical communication, an electrical waveform is often used to represent one or more symbols. Waveforms with different characteristics may represent different symbol values ​​or symbol combination values, and the duration of the waveform corresponds to the duration of the symbol or symbol combination it represents. Obviously, the shorter the duration of an electrical waveform, the more waveforms are transmitted in a unit of time, or the more data is transmitted, that is, the higher the data rate. Therefore, we can define the baud rate as follows: In the process of data transmission, the number of waveforms transmitted per unit time on the line is the baud rate, and its unit is “baud” [5] .
“Bit rate” and “baud rate” are speed units defined in two different concepts, and it is often easy to confuse them when you are not careful. When binary waveform is used, baud rate and bit rate have the same value, but their meanings are different [5] .
Difference: Both bit rate and baud rate are units that measure the transmission rate of a modem. In data transmission, data information is represented by binary numbers “0” and “1”, and each binary number is called 1 bit. The number of bits transmitted through the channel per unit of time is called the bit rate, expressed in bits per second, usually abbreviated as bit/s. The number of symbols transmitted through the channel per unit of time is called the baud rate, also called the modulation rate. Bit rate and baud rate are consistent only when modulated with two values. For example, in quadrature modulation, every two bits of the data signal form a symbol, and there are 4 values: 00, 01, 10 and 11, which represent the phase changes of the 4 types of carrier signals respectively, for Therefore, send such a symbol. It is equivalent to transmitting two bits of data, and the baud rate is equivalent to half the bit rate. The usual transmission rates of 300, 600, 1200 and 9600, etc., refer to the baud rate, which indicates that the number of binary numbers transmitted per unit of time is 300, 600, 1200 and 9600 [6] .

Bit rate

Bit rate

Bitrate

Bit rate refers to the number of bits (bit) transmitted per unit of time, in bps (bit per second).

bit rate

Bit rate is also known as “binary bit rate”, commonly known as “code rate”. Indicates the number of bits transmitted per unit of time. It is used to measure the transmission speed of digital information, often written as bit/sec. According to the number of bits occupied by each image storage frame and the transmission bit rate, the digital image information transmission speed can be calculated [1].
In modern digital communication, the transmission volume of digitized video and other information is large, so it is often measured in kilobits per second or megabits per second, which are written as kbit/sec (or kbps) and Mbit/sec. (or Mbps respectively). ). For example, the amount of information digitized from an ordinary color TV signal can reach 216 Mbit/sec. A good digital broadcast channel can transmit dozens of color TV programs, and its capacity can reach several gigabits or gigabits per second (written as Gbit/sec or Gbps) [1] .
Bitrate is often used to measure the quality of video files.
Bitrate is often used to measure the quality of video files.
flexibility edit stream
Because each network is unique and each access line has different conditions (such as length, attenuation, crosstalk environment, etc.), access lines from different telephone companies must support different data rates. For ADSL and VDSL modems, it is best to set the data rate to one of many possible data rates. For example, DMT-based ADSL and VDSL can theoretically change the tariff at fine intervals, and CAP-based RADSL (Rate Adaptive ADSL) also provides some flexibility in tariff configuration [2].
However, telephone companies may want to limit xDSL service to a small set of rates sufficient to provide a variety of services. If a limited set of tariffs can be adapted to a wide range of services, then the management of the services in this case is simpler than in the case of variable tariffs. Telephone companies want the choice of modem speed to be under the control of the network, not the user [2] .
In this mode, the selection of the transmission rate set of the xDSL network must be prudent. In this case, there is a possibility that two adjacent systems receive traffic at very different rates and the system must be able to handle such a situation. The other model, the “best match” approach using adaptive rate ADSL (similar to a voiceband modem), is more beneficial to new network operators and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) [2] .
Transmission control method
Most bit rate control schemes consist of two parts. Part of the encoded bit stream output by the encoder is fed into a buffer. For a constant bitrate channel, the data in the buffer is fetched at a constant rate, and if the buffer is large enough, the bitrate variation caused by the MPEG picture type, etc. can be smoothed out. This is necessary for both constant bit rate transmission and variable bit rate transmission in general. However, in practice, the buffer size is always limited. The buffering process will bring a delay to the system, and this delay is proportional to the size of the buffer. Latency is often a serious issue for real-time image communication, so buffers should be kept as small as possible. That is, long-term fluctuations in bitrate due to changes in scene content or changes, etc. they cannot be softened in this way, so another part is needed. This is to send some measure of the output bitrate to the encoder to control the encoding process, thus changing the output bitrate [3] .