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Video bit rate

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Video bit rate

Today, we are going to popularize the concept of bitrate in video playback.

When formulating RMVB/RM, the main consideration is network communication and the purpose is to use unpleasant network speed to deliver visually acceptable image quality. Therefore, the characteristic of RMVB/RM encoding format is that better video quality can be obtained at lower bit rate. However, in the case of high bitrate, it is not as good as other encoding formats. It is also an RM/RMVB suffixed file, and its internal encoding format is subdivided into R8/R9/R10, etc., but in general, the above-mentioned characteristics are maintained. It’s just that the compression rate is higher, so RMVB is not used in the field of HD encoding. RMVB looks for a high compression rate and acceptable image quality, so it often compresses some details that are not easy to notice. At first glance, the image is good, but if you look closely, you will find that the image is not sharp, the layers are not clear, and it always gives people a feeling of being blurry all the time. The audio encoding part of the RMVB/RM suffix file also has that situation. The sound compression rate is very high, but it can only be heard. Don’t expect beautiful sound.

The popularity of RMVB is due to the fact that the REAL format is suitable for low-speed network transmission and can achieve acceptable image quality with a smaller file size. Second, with the use of RMVB, relatively full-featured transcoding software and solutions have begun to appear, which is convenient for video lovers and expands the video source. However, as network speeds get faster, better encoders like H264 appear, and because RMVB is not suitable for high-definition video production, and if other hardware manufacturers want to support the format RMVB/RM, you have to pay REAL quite expensive The patent fee caused many hardware manufacturers to stop supporting RMVB files. RMVB documentation is not the completely overwhelming advantage it once was.

Many video files spread on the Internet now have suffixes like AVI, MKV, MP4 and 3GP. Among them, MKV is mainly used for HD video files, MP4, 3GP, etc. They are mainly used in mobile phones and portable devices, etc. AVI is more widely used, not only in high-definition video files, but also in portable devices.

The video encoding format used by VCD is MPEG1, and DVD is MPEG2. Both VCD and DVD are mainly used for home video and audio playback, and generally speaking, VCD is encoded with MPEG1 as a fixed bit rate encoding. DVD can support dynamic bit rate MPEG2 encoding.

In order to ensure the clarity of the image when the image changes drastically, the default encoding rate is high, the standard encoding rate of VCD is 1152Kbps, and the DVD is more open. According to the playing time of the movie, it is generally set between 5000Kbps -8000Kbps, so as not to waste DVD discs Under the premise of capacity, please use a higher bit rate as much as possible to get a higher definition. MPEG1 and MPEG2 are not very effective in the case of ultra-low bit rate, and if the bit rate increases too much, the indications generated by the image effect are not obvious. MKV is encoded in H.264 for high definition video and the 1080p image reaches a bit rate of 30 Mbps.

Note:

VBR: “variable bit rate”, VBR encoding means that the encoder’s output bit rate (or decoder’s input bit rate) can be adaptively adjusted based on the complexity of the encoder’s input source signal , to keep The output quality remains the same instead of keeping the output bitrate the same. VBR is suitable for storage (not very suitable for streaming) and can use limited storage space more efficiently: use more codewords to encode high-complexity segments and use fewer codewords to encode low-complexity segments .

CBR: “fixed bit rate”, CBR encoding means that the output bit rate of the encoder (or the input bit rate of the decoder) must be a fixed (constant) value. CBR is very useful when performing multimedia communications on a channel with limited bandwidth, because the higher bit rate is limited at this time, and CBR can use that channel more easily. But CBR is not suitable for storage,

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video bit rate

Video bit rate

Today, we are going to popularize the concept of bitrate in video playback.

Data rate refers to the data flow used by a video file in a unit of time, also called bit rate, sampling rate, and bit stream rate. A popular understanding is that it is the most important part of image quality control in video encoding. Generally, the unit we use is kb/s or Mb/s. Generally speaking, at the same resolution, the higher the code stream of the video file, the lower the compression ratio and the higher the image quality. The higher the bit stream, the higher the sampling rate per unit time, the higher the data stream, the higher the accuracy, the closer the processed file is to the original file, the better the image quality, the clearer the image quality and the higher the decoding capability of the playback device is required.

Of course, the larger the code stream, the larger the file size. The calculation formula is file size = time X code rate/8. For example, a 720P RMVB file with a 1 Mbps stream of 90 minutes is common on the Internet and its volume is = 5400 seconds × 1 Mb/8 = 675 MB.

Generally speaking, a video file includes both image and sound, such as an RMVB video file, which contains both video information and audio information. Audio and video have their own sampling methods and different bit rates, that is, the same video Audio and video file bit rate is not the same. And what we’re talking about is the bitrate of a video file, which generally refers to the sum of the bitrate of the audio and video information in the video file.

Taking the most popular and familiar RMVB video file in China as an example, VB in RMVB refers to VBR, which is short for Variable Bit Rate. The Chinese meaning is variable bit rate, which means that RMVB adopts the dynamic encoding method. , use a higher sampling rate for complex dynamic images (singing and dancing, flying cars, wars, actions, etc.), and use a lower sampling rate for static images, make rational use of resources and achieve the image quality and volume effect

The most fundamental difference between code rate and sample rate is that the code rate is for the source file.

There are many types of encoding formats. With the continuous advancement of technology, various encoding formats have been produced for different purposes. The compression rates of different encoding formats are different and have their own characteristics. Some of them can maintain high image quality in the case of low bitrate, but in the case of high bitrate, the image quality indication is not great and some are suitable for high bit rates. High definition image is maintained, but may not work well at low bit rates. Present some common ones.

How does bitrate affect video quality?

To understand how bitrate affects video quality, we first need to understand how video compression works.

When you’re compressing video, the compression algorithm does two things:

Convert video from “pixel domain” to “frequency domain” by DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). If you are not familiar with DCT, you can read our previous article: How to explain DCT to a 5-year-old?

Some of the information in the frequency domain is discarded through a technique called quantization, with the expectation that the human eye will not perceive this loss of information.

Essentially, when you compress a video, you’re throwing away some information while hoping there’s no loss in video quality. When you overcompress the video, you throw away a lot of information, and the human eye perceives the encoding loss. If you don’t compress the video too much, the file size will be huge, while the video quality will be excellent.

This is known as the “rate-distortion exchange (RDT)” in video compression, and the lower the bitrate, the worse the video quality (assuming the resolution is fixed).

What does RTD mean?

Let’s look at the example below. We use FFmpeg to compress the example video (CrowdRun) to 1.5 mbps and 5 mbps, respectively. With the video screenshots below, can you tell me which one is from the higher bitrate video and which one is from the lower bitrate video?

Obviously the bitrate in the image above is lower and the bitrate in the image below is higher. When using a bitrate of 5 mbps @ 1080p, the video quality is excellent. For the same video, when we use a bitrate of 1.5 mbps, the video quality of CrowdRun becomes very poor.

But is it always like this? Does low bitrate always produce poor quality video? We answer this question with a simple experiment.

Let’s test the “low bitrate = low quality” hypothesis using animated videos. For the following video, we used the popular Simpsons trailer and compressed the video to 2.5mbps and 1mbps using H.264/AVC (make sure all encoder settings are consistent).

Bitrate vs. Video Resolution

which is more important for streaming video?

Many people have this confusion because these two factors can have a profound effect on the encoder’s output.

How do you think it should be chosen?

Choose 1080p or 720p?

Choose 5mbps or 3mbps?

Choose 1080p@5mbps or 1080p@7mbps?

If you don’t know what to choose, great. That’s why I wrote this article: to explain the relationship between bitrate and resolution in simple terms, and to help you choose the right encoder settings.

Let’s start by understanding bitrate.

What is the bitrate of the video?

Video bitrate or bit rate refers to the number of bits transmitted per second of video information. The code rate unit is usually:

kbps or kilobits per second

mbps or megabits per second

When you are compressing video, you usually need to set the video compression software not to exceed a certain bit rate.

For example, if you set the video compression software’s bitrate to 3mbps, the software will compress the video at 3mb per second (on average) and stream it to the decoder or player. This is the code rate.

When you talk about bitrate, you’re really talking about: the relationship between video compression and video quality loss. The more you compress, the lower the quality of the video (and this is not always the case, as we will see later).

When compressing video, the following algorithms can be used for speed control, these are:

CBR (Constant Bitrate) – It is best to keep the bitrate constant if video quality is lost.

VBR (Variable Bitrate) – Maintains consistent video quality, allowing for bitrate fluctuations.

Capped VBR – Keep the video quality as constant as possible, allowing the bitrate to fluctuate within a set range.

This article will not discuss the above frequency control methods in detail. Friends who want to know more, welcome to read: Understanding Frequency Control Modes: What are CBR, VBR, CRF and Capped-CRF?

So when we talk about the bit rate, we should pay attention to the following points:

The quality of high bitrate video is usually higher than that of low bitrate video. I say generally, because the video quality reaches a certain point where it will no longer improve (no matter how much the bitrate increases).

The code rate refers to bits (bit) instead of bytes (byte).

The bit rate alone does not determine the quality of the video, you have to take into account factors like resolution, frame rate, screen size, etc.

Codecs for video compression: H.264/AVC, HEVC, VP9, AV1? If you change the video codec and its settings (or encoding tools), the same bitrate will provide a very different video quality.

What is a bit rate? Basic bit rate knowledge required for video distribution.

Video Bitrate

Bit rate / bit rate

BitRate

Bit rate is the amount of data per second. Video quality is determined by factors such as “resolution”, “frame rate”, “bit rate” and “codec”. Bit rate is an important factor related to video quality. Therefore, this time, I will explain the basic knowledge of bit rates required for Internet video distribution.

” Table of Contents ”

1. What is a bit rate?
2. Relationship between video bit rate and video image quality
3. Estimated video bit rate
4. Advantages and disadvantages of a high video bit rate
1. What is a bit rate?
The amount of data per second is called the bit rate. Use bps as the unit. This is an abbreviation for Bit Per Second. For example, if it is written as 500 kbps, k is 1,000, which means “the amount of data of 500,000 bits per second.”

There are two types of video bit rates: “video bit rate” and “audio bit rate”. The total value of “video bit rate” and “audio bit rate” is the total bit rate (oval bit rate) of the video file.

Video Bit Rate / Audio Bit Rate

■ Voice bit rate
The audio bit rate is the bit rate associated with the audio in the video file. Generally, the audio bit rate is lower than the video bit rate.
The guideline for the audio bit rate is as follows.

Lossy codecs like MP3, AAC, WMA … 96kbps-128kbps
Sound quality oriented video … 192 to 320 kbps
A codec is a program that encodes (encodes) / decodes (decodes) video and audio data. A lossy codec is a codec that dilutes the data and reduces its weight without affecting it. For more information on codecs, see the following.

[Reference article] What is a codec? Basic knowledge of the codecs required for video distribution.
■ Video bit rate
The video bit rate is the bit rate of the video in the video file. Generally, the video bit rate value is higher than the audio bit rate. The appropriate video bit rate will differ depending on the size of the resolution and the content of the video, such as amount of movement / small amount of movement.

The guideline for video bit rate is explained in “3. Guideline for bit rate”, but the value varies depending on the image quality you want to deliver, such as 500 kps to 70 Mbps. Since the standard for audio is “approximately 96 kbps to 128 kbps”, the video bit rate occupies most of the bit rate of the entire video file.

It can be said that the higher the value of the video bitrate, the better the image quality, but that does not mean that “the higher the value, the better”. When displayed at a small resolution, the roughness is not as noticeable even if the bit rate is reduced. On the contrary, even if you encode at a high bit rate, you will not notice the difference in image quality, and in many cases the file size will only increase.

From now on, we will focus on the bitrate of the video.

What is the encryption mechanism? Part 2

Video Bitrate

However, in the case of moving images, the quality of the image at the time of encoding will vary depending on whether the video material has a lot of movement or the video material has little movement, even if the bit rate is the same. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly judge and encode not only the bit rate, but also the frame rate and keyframe settings, which will be explained later, according to the video material. I hope you understand that “there is a relationship between resolution and proper bit rate” as a determining factor for high definition.

videro bit rate

Point 2: Increase the frame rate if movement is important and lower the frame rate if image quality is important.
While the frame rate (number of frames) is set at 29.97 fps for televisions and 24 fps for movies, the frame rate is freely configurable for Internet video encoding. A video is a collection of continuous images (frames) like a flip book. The more frames per second, the smoother the movement.

In video encoding, the bit rate per second is fixed, so if you increase the frame rate, the number of images in the flip book will increase and the movement will be smoother, but the amount of data allocated per frame will decrease, so the image quality will be better to fall.
On the other hand, if you reduce the number of frames, the number of images in the flip book will decrease and the smoothness of the movement will be a little slower, but the image quality will improve because a large amount of data will be allocated to each frame. .

If you want to emphasize the smoothness of motion in a video with a lot of motion, increase the frame rate (video demo 1). On the other hand, if the video has little movement, it is not necessary to increase the number of frames as much (depending on the degree), so it is effective to lower the frame rate and give priority to improving the image quality

Point 3: insert “keyframes” at short intervals for moving images
A keyframe is a frame that exists as a single still image (an image that is not compressed between frames) and is the starting point for difference information. Depending on the encoder settings, the keyframes are inserted when there is a scene change and the difference information is inserted at regular intervals, such as XX frames and once every XX seconds.

■ Keyframes for moving images
In a moving image, things move or change significantly in a short time. Therefore, inserting keyframes at short intervals improves the reproducibility of small movements.
There is also the advantage that the search is smoother for images with many keyframes. The reason is that the search is based on keyframes, so the more keyframes you have, the easier it is to stop at the target scene. If the position where the search stops is not a keyframe but a difference information frame, the information is fetched to a nearby keyframe, but that time is short.
However, if you increase the number of keyframes too much, the keyframe bit rate will be taken over and the overall video quality will deteriorate, so be careful.
For moving images, the keyframe is approximately once every 3 seconds.

■ Keyframes for images with little movement
Since there is little difference information in a video with little motion, you won’t notice much difference in change even if there are few keyframes. However, if you insert keyframes for too long, search may not work properly and playback may take a long time to start. This is the opposite of the case where there are many keyframes, and if the rewind position is far from the keyframes, it will take time to read.
For those with little movement, the guideline for keyframes is approximately once every 6 to 8 seconds.

So far, “What is the encoding mechanism? Five points to consider for encoding HD video [Part 1]”, “Understanding the appropriate bit rate for the resolution you want to distribute”, motion oriented or image quality I explained three points how to change the “frame rate” and “how to insert keyframes” depending on whether it is important. In [Part 2], we will explain “the advantages and disadvantages of bit rate settings

What is the encryption mechanism?

Video Bitrate

5 points to consider for HD video encoding

Video Bit Rate

Encode

The image quality of Internet videos is almost proportional to the bit rate. However, if the bit rate increases unnecessarily, the file size will increase. “Keep bit rate low”, “Reduce file size” and “Reduce load time” are linked, and there is nothing to say if you can encode in high definition while keeping the bit rate low.
Also, at the beginning, I wrote that “image quality is almost proportional to bit rate”, but I think some of you may have experienced that “I increased the bit rate and encoded, but I am not satisfied with the quality of the image. “So, this time, I will explain five points that are often used to do high definition video encoding.

Encoding Mechanism
First, I will briefly explain the encoding mechanism.
An image is a collection of continuous images (frames), and by changing this in a short time like a flip book, it appears that you are visually moving. Japanese television images are 29.97 frames per second (short for 29.97 fps / frame per second) and most movies and animations are standard 24 fps. Since a large number of frames are required for video, the amount of data is also huge. Therefore, data compression is indispensable for distributing videos on the Internet.

When coding

“Prediction in frame” that compresses data within a frame
“Prediction between frames” that compresses data into consecutive frames
The information is reduced to the extent that it does not affect the visual sense and the data is compressed.

■ What is in-frame prediction?
There are various methodologies for data compression, so I will skip the details here, but the basic idea of within-frame prediction is to divide a frame into small blocks called cells and the colors adjacent to each other in the block. they are the same or similar, they are compressed together.
For example, if there is information “blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue red red yellow yellow yellow” information in the divided block, the amount of data can be reduced by combining this with “blue 11, red 2, yellow 3”. It’s an image.

An example of data compression in in-frame prediction (image)

■ What is cross-frame prediction?
However, in the case of video with a time axis, the number of frames is large, so there is a limit to the overall weight reduction based solely on the prediction within the frame. On the other hand, in the prediction between frames, based on the idea that “the contents are similar before and after the consecutive frames”, the cells that do not change from the previous frame reduce the amount of data by reusing information, and the cells that change is converted to data as difference information.

Point 1: learn a suitable bit rate guideline for resolution

The above three are excerpts of the same 640x360px image, but the file sizes are different at 1MB, 250KB, and 50KB. The image quality of 250 kB is lower than that of 1 MB and is much coarser at 50 kB. This is because the amount of data allocated per pixel is reduced, resulting in poor image quality.

The same phenomenon can be said of the videos. Bit rate is the amount of data allocated per second and affects the image quality of the video. If you want to view a video on a large screen, such as viewing it full screen on a computer or TV monitor, you need a sufficient bit rate according to the resolution. On the other hand, when displayed at a small resolution, the roughness is not as noticeable even if the bit rate is reduced. On the contrary, even if you encode at a high bit rate, you will not notice the difference in image quality, and in many cases the file size will only increase.

What is video bitrate, frame rate, and aspect ratio?

What is video bitrate, frame rate, and aspect ratio?

What is a video file?
Video, like cinema itself, is a rapid alternation of images. How fast is it? For a human, there should be 24 images in one second. In this case, images that change rapidly become moving. Film is based on this and now video. Also, each image has several properties. Which? They are wide and tall. Also, for video, these values are measured in points. So many points of width and so many points of height.

What does the video consist of

If we zoom in on any frame in our video, then we can see the individual squares that make up our image. Each of these squares was called “Pixel”, which comes from the English “Picture element”, that is, a picture element.

Pixels on screen

So when we look at the file properties, or the project properties, we see the video formats, which indicate how much the frame is and how wide it is.

video aspect ratio

In the image we can see that the width of the frame is 1920 pixels, and its height is 1080. It is clear that the more pixels in our frames, the more details can be accommodated. And consequently, the better the image will be. At the same time, do not forget that the frame rate must be at least 24 frames per second.

Older video formats, such as the PAL standard, were 720×576 pixels. Modern HD or Full HD, already 1920×1080. Well the latest 4K format is already 4096×2304 pixels. That is, the further, the better quality is achieved.

See Also: Video Codecs, Video Formats – What Does All This Mean?
Video aspect ratio.
This is also a parameter that for many is almost a thing of the past. The fact is, there used to be a TV format that had a 4/3 aspect ratio, and a widescreen format, mainly for watching movies, that had a 16/9 aspect ratio.

Monitor with 4×3 aspect ratio

Now the television format is a thing of the past (almost) and only the wide format remains

Monitor with a 16 x 9 aspect ratio
What is the video bit rate?
Like I said, each frame is made up of a large number of pixels. If we try to put this amount on our hard drive, it will take up too much space. Strictly speaking, the arithmetic here is simple. Let’s count.

One frame – 1920×1080 = 2,073,600, that is, two megabytes (actually, this is not entirely true, but I’ll simplify it a bit)

That is, we now know that a painting we have weighs 2 mb. It seems a bit, but let’s keep counting.

One second. A second must have at least 24 frames. What do we get? 24×2 = 48 mb.

One minute. 48×60 = 2880 mb. I mean, think about it. In one minute, almost 3 gig! Well, how long will an hour take then?

One hour 2880×60 = 172800 mb. In other words, one hour of movie will take up 172 gigabytes of memory.

Well, since such a thing will not work, smart people decided: we must squeeze. We need to compress the video so that we can put everything on a computer, on a phone. What can be seen on the Internet, etc. And that is why there are various video formats. Since each format has its own rules for video compression.

See also: Do you know what a chroma key is? Learn the secrets of working with chroma key in 5 minutes
But here we come to the concept of bitrate.

Bitrate: read / write speed. You are recording a video. The video camera matrix takes measurements of light, that is, it measures pixels. Transfer them to a USB flash drive or SSD. The speed of this transmission is the bit rate.

Next, we watch the video. At this time, the data is read from memory and transferred to the monitor / screen. Again, we are faced with a certain data rate.

But in video, the role of the bitrate value is somewhat different. Video Bit Rate: The video compression rate. When recording video from the matrix, the signal is immediately encoded and compressed. The more the signal is compressed, the less space it occupies, but at the same time, and the lower the quality.

What is a video codec?
Now, let’s move on to the next concept: video codec. When I said that if you lower the bitrate, the video quality will be lower.

What is the bit rate?

What is the bit rate?

The bit rate, or as they also say the width of the stream, is the amount of data transmitted or processed in 1 second. The concept mainly applies to multimedia content, for example, video bit rate is nothing more than the amount of video information that is displayed on the screen in one second. To measure the bit rate, the designation “Kbit / s (kbps)” is used, that is, kilobits per second, less frequently Mbit / s, and so on. The more information that is transmitted during a specific period of time, the higher the quality of the image.

When people say “low bit rate video” they are generally referring to low quality video. Blur, opacity, and pixelation are characteristic features of such video, while high-bit-rate video has a detailed image with a rich color gamut. Like video, audio also comes with low and high bit rates. Music with a low bit rate loses in the frequency range, words and chords become less distinguishable, and itself takes on an unnatural sound, as if it were an electronic sound.

Bit rate types

It is not enough to understand what the video or audio bit rate is. To successfully work on programs for editing and converting multimedia content, you need to know what types of bit rates exist. These are constant, variable, and average, and each of them can be used in a specific situation.

Constant bit rate

Constant refers to a bit rate that does not change throughout the file, providing an accurate estimate of the size of the output material. On the other hand, it is not very suitable for multimedia with dynamically variable audio and video streams, as it does not provide an optimal balance of size and quality. Constant bit rate is mainly used at home level, as well as when processing files with relatively constant picture and sound characteristics.

Variable bit rate

In files with variable bitrate, the latter is changed by the codec for each frame according to its characteristics. For example, in frames that are not very informative and easy to encode, the video bit rate is lowered, which saves space, and this saving can differ significantly. Variable bit rate technology is often used to achieve the best quality / size ratio. The downside of this method is the unpredictability of the final size of the media file.

Average bit rate

A more flexible option is the averaged bitrate, which is a hybrid of the first and second types. Unlike Variable Bitrate, by choosing Average Bitrate the codec can only work within the user defined range. Professionals use this method when creating large projects, allowing you to achieve high-quality encoding with a relatively small file size. The precision of calculating the size is much higher.

How to find out the bitrate of the file

Novice users are often interested in how to find out the video bit rate and if special programs are needed for this. With few exceptions, it is not necessary to use third-party tools for these purposes, since the bit rate of the file can be obtained by the operating system itself. Right-click on the video file and select “Properties” from the menu. Then switch to the “Details” tab in the window that opens and look for the item “Data transfer rate”. This will be the bitrate of the video. In the case of audio files, the item will be named “Bitrate”. If the required information is missing from the properties, for example in the case of MKV files, use the MediaInfo utility.

What bit rate value to set

But much more relevant is the question of what bit rate should be set for a video when creating or converting it. It will not be possible to answer it unequivocally, it all depends on the situation and the purpose of the content. If you focus on average values, you should configure 2.5-5 Mbit / s for video and approximately 192 kbit / s for audio. When choosing, you should also consider the video format. Therefore, for 1920 x 1080 SDR video, the bit rate is better to set 8 and 12 mbps (60 frames / s), and for HDR video with the same resolution – 10 and 15 mbps, respectively.

What is the bit rate?

Bit rate measures the speed at which information can be transmitted between two locations. The standard unit for this speed is “bits per second”, but a kilo or mega value is often prepended to indicate the high speeds of modern digital technology. Communication technology measures speed as a function of bit rate, especially on the Internet. The transfer rate indicates how fast the data can be downloaded. This measure is also widely used to describe audio and video. higher rates mean higher quality.

In its simplest form, bit rate describes how many bits per second are transmitted between two different locations. The higher the rate, the faster information can be exchanged between them. For this reason, the bit rate can be particularly important for communication technologies such as broadband, as it defines how quickly a user can download or upload information.

The standard unit for bit rate is bits per second (bps). However, this measurement is often too small to be practical in modern communication technology, as millions of bits can be transmitted per second. To solve this problem, the device is usually prefixed by a different letter indicating its size. For example, kbit / s means kilobits per second or 1000 bits per second. Megabits per second are written as Mbit / s and represent millions of bits per second.

Bit rate is an important measure for a large number of different areas of computing. Broadband, for example, is often specified as a certain number of Mbit / s, with speeds of around 2 Mbit / s being common. Fiber broadband, which is much faster, can deliver speeds of up to 5 Mbps. This measure also describes the speed of mobile connections such as 3G and Bluetooth.

Audio and video quality are commonly reported in terms of bit rate, with higher rates indicating a higher quality picture or sound. In multimedia, this metric is a quick way to show how much information is stored in each second of recording, so higher rates lead to increased quality. The bit rate can depend on a variety of factors, including whether the information has been compressed.

The standard bit rate for audio is between 100 and 160 kbit / s, while higher quality recordings can reach up to 320 kbit / s. Video speeds can be significantly higher for Blu-ray discs with speeds up to 40 Mbps. Standard DVDs are only about 9 Mbit / s, so there is a difference in quality.