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How to normalize the volume of several mp3s?

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How to normalize the volume of several mp3s?

How to get my mp3s to sound with a similar volume/loudness?

When the music was distributed on vinyl and recorded in an analog way, it was an exception that one audio sounded louder or quieter than the others.

On the other hand, since it took several seconds to change the disk, our mental reference to the volume of the previous disk had been erased, we were no longer so clear.

Today, with digitalized music and videos and with digital players that can play playlists, it is extremely noticeable if there is a change, jump, etc. in the volume or loudness level from one audio to another or from one video to another.

Mp4Gain is the professional mass solution that has been developed so far and it is very simple to use: just load the audios (of any popular format, not just mp3s) and the same with audios and press a button and soon we will have the problem of the resolved volume.

Explain why this happens in the digital age and did not happen in the analog one does not fall back on the myths of the supposed analog superiority.

Rather, today we have equipment to reproduce much higher quality that detects and makes it noticeable, since we have become accustomed to high fidelity, which perhaps in the analog era would have gone unnoticed.

We also find that now almost any audio or video file that reaches us has been manipulated in one way or another by an “intermediary”. That is, someone encoded or re-encoded that audio or mvideo, chose a bitrate, etc. and it is NOT reaching us, in that sense the original file. And this manipulation done by amateurs greatly influences the quality and loudness.

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How many KB is the best sound quality for mp3? Part 3

WMA is a digital music format promoted by Microsoft, under the premise of the same sound quality as mp3, the volume can be reduced by half, which almost doubles the capacity of the mp3 player.

MP3 Quality

You can easily transcribe CD to WMA through the media player that comes with Window. However, WMA has a disadvantage: Due to the music copyright issue, some WMA files cannot be simply copied to the mp3 player for playback. Of course, the higher the sound quality, the larger the file size. 320kb mp3 files are as large as 9m, and an mp3 with 128m of memory can only hold about 12 songs, which is highly impractical. The size is the ideal choice. Of course, if you have the money, it would be better to buy an mp3 hard drive, even if you put 320kb files on it, it will be easier to enjoy high quality music.
2. Quality of music playback files
The decoder chip is important, but in order to enjoy high-quality music, the factor that affects the sound source itself is very large. In turn, the quality of the audio source depends on the music file format and compression ratio. Nowadays, the most popular music formats are of course mp3 and wma, almost all mp3 players support these two formats. MP3 should be considered as the most lossy compressed digital audio format currently used by users. The mp3 files that we usually listen to have a bit compression rate of 128kbps, the compression rate is about 1:10, and the file size is usually only 4m. to a more balanced position. The compression rate of the songs we download from the Internet is usually relatively low, often only 96kbps or even less, and the effect is not very ideal. This is a practice where websites deliberately lower the compression rate due to download speed and copyright issues. To enjoy real sound quality, the best way is to find a better quality CD disc and compress it yourself. Generally speaking, the sound quality of mp3 files with a compression ratio of 192 kbps is relatively good. When played with a good mp3 player, the effect is very similar to md. If compressed to 320 kbps, the sound quality is very similar. to the CD player It’s hard to tell the difference. (Excluding those with golden ears, of course)
The most famous mp3 decoder is of course the free LAME mp3 encoding software, and most of the users have affirmed the sound quality of the mp3 encoded by it. The first MP3 encoding used a fixed code rate (CBR) method, and now it’s slowly starting to use a variable code rate (VBR) compression method. Good balance. It is worth noting that older mp3s are not compatible with VBR encoded mp3s.
WMA is a digital music format promoted by Microsoft, under the premise of the same sound quality as mp3, the volume can be reduced by half, which almost doubles the capacity of the mp3 player. You can easily transcribe CD to WMA through the media player that comes with Window. However, WMA has a disadvantage: Due to the music copyright issue, some WMA files cannot be simply copied to the mp3 player for playback. Of course, the higher the sound quality, the larger the file size. 320kb mp3 files are as large as 9m, and an mp3 with 128m of memory can only hold about 12 songs, which is highly impractical. The size is the ideal choice. Of course, if you have the money, it would be better to buy an mp3 hard drive, even if you put 320kb files on it, it will be easier to enjoy high quality music.

How many KB is the best sound quality for mp3? Part 2

The most widely used decoder chip on the market today is, of course, the well-known STMP3410 from Sigmatel.

Whenever you disassemble your mp3, you will find that your mp3 uses STMP3410 decoder chip. The decoder chip is highly integrated and has concentrated functions. It is easy for manufacturers to develop or add new features such as letter display and electronic dictionary. The relative cost is relatively low. It ranges from high-end brands like Samsung, MSC, and Giving to some misc and even names All brands that cannot be called are used, the sound quality is quite satisfactory, the low frequency is a bit weak, the voices and the musical instruments are not bad. Of course, the sound quality performance of mp3 using STMP3410 decoder chip is not the same and sometimes even very different. The reason lies in the internal circuit design of the mp3, the soldering process, the material of the circuit board, and the difference between various manufacturers, especially There is a big difference between the big manufacturers and some non-brand manufacturers. These are also the key factors that affect the work of the decoding chip and the sound quality output. Take two high-end machines that also use the STMP3410 chip and compare the unbranded machines to understand. Therefore, due to many factors within the mp3, the price of the mp3 that also uses the STMP3410 chip varies.
What’s more, there are some unscrupulous manufacturers on the market who use discarded or recycled second-hand FLASH chips, along with inferior circuit design, quickly made an mp3 and sold it to the market. Usually the price of this kind of mp3 is very low, and the 128m memory is sometimes cheaper than the same capacity U disk, and the sound quality can be described as rubbish. Come to think of it, we all know that manufacturers have to survive on such a small profit, unless there is something in the mp3, who will make it for free? So when you come across this kind of mp3, you should pay more attention, no matter how good the sound quality is, it can’t be better. Other decoder chips such as Sigmatel’s STMP1342, Telechip’s TCC730, Samsung’s S3C2410, etc. will not be discussed in detail due to their similar performance.
With the deepening of the market, some powerful manufacturers are also constantly exploring to dedicate the best sound quality to consumers. JNC’s new SSF-800 machine uses the SIGMATEL3420 chip, and the sound quality is very impressive. The next new mp3 just released by iriver uses the most powerful SIGMATEL3520, which is worth waiting for. The good news is that the Meizu me released by the national brand Meizu also uses the SIGMATEL3520 decoder chip, which is the first time for a national brand. It appears that the national brand is slowly creeping into the ranks of premium sound effects as well.
Second, the quality of music playback files The
decoding chip is important, but in order to enjoy high-quality music, the factor that affects the sound source itself is very large. In turn, the quality of the audio source depends on the music file format and compression ratio. Nowadays, the most popular music formats are of course mp3 and wma, almost all mp3 players support these two formats. MP3 should be considered as the most lossy compressed digital audio format currently used by users. The mp3 files that we usually listen to have a bit compression rate of 128kbps, the compression rate is about 1:10, and the file size is usually only 4m. to a more balanced position. The compression rate of the songs we download from the Internet is usually relatively low, often only 96kbps or even less, and the effect is not very ideal. This is a practice where websites deliberately lower the compression rate due to download speed and copyright issues. To enjoy real sound quality, the best way is to find a better quality CD disc and compress it yourself. Generally speaking, the sound quality of mp3 files with a compression ratio of 192 kbps is relatively good. When played with a good mp3 player, the effect is very similar to md. If compressed to 320 kbps, the sound quality is very similar. to the CD player It’s hard to tell the difference. (Of course, those with golden ears are excluded)

How many KB is the best sound quality for mp3?

Mp3 Quality

Four Factors That Determine MP3 Sound Quality

Mp3 Quality

Today’s mp3 market can be described as a hundred flowers in bloom, and the competition between the major manufacturers is splendid. In order to take the lead and gain the most market share, various manufacturers, especially those with strength, have their own unique tricks. In terms of appearance, mpio’s fl200 has won the award with its mini round cake design. unique pendant. The latest mp3 title, Truly’s mp379, also created the trend of big screen mp3, and Samsung also released its sports mp3 concept, which is absolutely stunning in the market. Some small manufacturers have also adopted imitation methods, making the market of all kinds of mp3 like a sky full of countless stars. Simple repeat, record and fm functions can also meet the needs of the market. Line-in, features, e-book reading, gaming, and colorful backlights are slowly creeping into the new mp3 design. However, the author believes that no matter how cool it looks and how perfect its functions are, the mp3 is used to enjoy music in the final analysis. An mp3 without good sound quality is at least not a qualified mp3. If you just go for looks and function (actually, we rarely use some functions), and ignore its sound quality performance, you will feel a bit like buying a scorpion.
A decoder chip inherent in mp3
The decoder chip used by the Mp3 itself is the key to its sound quality. The sound quality displayed by high quality decoder chips is unmatched by those of the poorest. Friends who have listened to the famous iriver series of mp3s will know that its sound quality characteristics are very obvious, the bass is strong and powerful, the vocals are restored to truth, the high-frequency field is wide, and the increase is enough, which is very pleasing to the ears. This series mp3 adopts Philips SAA7750, the most advanced decoder chip in the market, and its quality and performance are excellent. The major Korean manufacturer MPIPO (Dewei Technology) also uses this decoder chip. The reputation and market feedback of these two mp3 sound quality brands are very good, and they are highly praised by the industry and outside the industry. It proves that mp3 sound quality is better than md’s ace gun. Due to the relatively high cost of the chip and the control chip, it is rarely used except for some brands. The cost is high, and the price is of course expensive. This is also the threshold that restricts many mp3 lovers from enjoying the beautiful sound quality.

What is the difference between 128k and 320k music?

Some time ago, a colleague came across a very troubled client. The mess was said to have been caused by the client asking him to provide song files larger than 100MB-200MB in size.

And my colleagues don’t know much about audio formats, so they started endlessly fumbling about FLAC, WAV and audio size. In the end, the colleague did not clearly explain to the customer what was going on.

After that, other things happened that made me feel that in the music industry there are too many practitioners around me who have an extremely poor understanding of music and even lack some basic knowledge related to music. I don’t even have the idea to understand, which makes me very sad. It seems that music has only one merchandise attribute, and our practitioners only need to organize the shelves, encode various merchandise, and use the big data of users’ purchase records to recommend merchandise to users, no matter why to users. they like this. features that these products have, and provide users with various services with cold data.

Therefore, I think it is necessary to write something. I don’t expect practitioners to become people who really love music. I just hope that even if you still think of “her” as a commodity, you can first figure out what you’re selling. and what is..

PS: The content of the first lesson is about media files. Since the relevant content involves a lot of technical issues, it seems a bit boring, but if you read it carefully, you will find that it is actually very easy to understand, but this basic knowledge can be very helpful.Improve your skill well. Also expect more interesting content about records, musical styles, etc. which I will post soon.

【text】

Bit Rate, Sample Rate, Lossless, MP3, FLAC, APE, 320kb, 192kb, 128kb, 44.1khz, CBR, VBR. Does this bunch of various names make you both familiar and unknown?

The higher the bitrate, the better the sound quality. Lossless music is the highest sound quality, right? So, let’s start with the sound collection.

【Audio composition】

Nowadays, when we talk about audio, everything is digital audio. Digital audio consists of three parts: sample rate, sample precision, and number of sound channels.

Sample Rate: Both the sample rate, which refers to the number of samples per second when recording the sound, expressed in Hertz (Hz).

Sampling Precision: Refers to the dynamic range of the recorded sound, measured in bits (Bit).

What is the recording bitrate (the appropriate mp3 bitrate range)

All music on the web is digital, so what does the “bitrate” or “kbps” you see when previewing or downloading mean? What is bit rate?

In its simplest terms, bitrate represents the amount of data a file produces per second.

For example, you might see something like “320 kbps.” Literally, that means 320 kilobits per second, or the amount of data that is produced.

How does bitrate affect music?
Common audio file formats are MP3, OGG Vorbis, or AAC, which can be called lossy compression, while others are lossless compression, such as FLAC or WAV, which basically retain all the audio information.

320k is the highest bitrate encoding of mp3, and the sound quality is generally considered to be the closest to CD format. If you listen to popular music, you can see that there is more music encoded in 196k. From the point of view of listening, the difference between 320k encoding and uncompressed encoding is negligible, but in theory, the bit rate of a common CD is 1411k, which is 4.5 times the bit rate highest of MP3.

There is a direct relationship between bit rate and sound quality, but reasonable compression does not degrade listening.

Since MP3s are lossy files, meaning some of the audio is lost due to compression, why don’t the ears seem to change the sound? This involves psychoacoustics, a fringe discipline that studies the relationship between sound and the hearing it provokes. Psychoacoustics refers to “the way the human brain interprets sound.” Compressed audio is the use of powerful algorithms to convert audio messages that we cannot hear. remote.

So even though the bitrate of a lossy file like MP3 is much lower than that of a lossless file, it doesn’t sound like that. Even with just 320kbps MP3, the listening experience is not 4.5 times worse than music on CD.

Of course, the compression is not unlimited, when the bit rate drops below 128kbps, the sound quality will be degraded, and the lower it is, the more obvious it will be. On the contrary, the higher the bitrate, the higher the quality of the music.

Mp3 ape flac What is the difference between the three music formats?

When we often download songs, we want to download some of the best sound quality, and we are also confused about which sound quality is the best.

If you ask the friends around you, they will definitely all say that you want to download lossless files, but how good is the sound quality of lossless files?

First of all, the first impression is that the volume of lossless files is obviously different from normal MP3 files. Normally, the size of normal MP3 music file is only 2-5M, but the volume of lossless APE files of the same version is about 30M, a difference of 10M times more.

In the case of the same playback time, why is there such a big volume difference?

Here to talk about a term – bitrate It is a data factor that determines whether the quality of a song file is good or bad, bitrate refers to the number of bits transmitted per second (bit). The unit is bps (bits per second). The higher the bit rate, the higher the data transmission speed. The bit rate in sound refers to the amount of binary data per unit of time after converting an analog sound signal (a signal with sound properties such as amplitude and frequency) into a digital sound signal (i.e., a binary signal such as 010101 stored on a computer’s hard drive) is an indirect measure of audio quality. The principle of bit rate (bit rate) in video is the same as in sound, which refers to the amount of binary data per unit of time after the analog signal is converted to a digital signal.

Bitrate Property for Lossless Files

Bitrate Properties for High Quality MP3

The bit rate of MP3 files with ordinary sound quality is generally 128 kbps, the bit rate of high-quality MP3 files is generally 320 kbps, and the bit rate of lossless files is generally 960 kbps. kbps or even more. The difference in bit rate can be understood as the vibration frequency of the sound decoded by the decoder at the same time. The higher the bit rate, the higher the vibration frequency and the better the corresponding sound. Good timbre means that the restoration of sound details is relatively complete, that is, the sound quality is good. However, this is also the reason for the large size of the lossless files.

Keyframes for moving images

Keyframes for moving images

Bitrate vs Resolution

In a moving image, things move or change significantly in a short time. Therefore, inserting keyframes at short intervals improves the reproducibility of small movements.

Bitrate

There is also the advantage that the search is smoother for images with many keyframes. The reason is that the search is based on keyframes, so the more keyframes you have, the easier it is to stop at the target scene. If the position where the search stops is not a keyframe but a difference information frame, the information is fetched to a nearby keyframe, but that time is short.
However, if you increase the number of keyframes too much, the keyframe bit rate will be taken over and the overall video quality will deteriorate, so be careful.
For moving images, the keyframe is approximately once every 3 seconds.

■ Keyframes for images with little movement

Since there is little difference information in a video with little motion, you won’t notice much difference in change even if there are few keyframes. However, if you insert keyframes for too long, search may not work properly and playback may take a long time to start. This is the opposite of the case where there are many keyframes, and if the rewind position is far from the keyframes, it will take time to read.
For those with little movement, the guideline for keyframes is approximately once every 6 to 8 seconds.

So far, “What is the encoding mechanism? Five points to consider for encoding HD video [Part 1]”, “Understanding the appropriate bit rate for the resolution you want to distribute”, motion oriented or image quality I explained three points how to change the “frame rate” and “how to insert keyframes” depending on whether it is important. In [Part 2], we will explain “the advantages and disadvantages of bitrate setting (CBR / VBR), proper usage” and “correct aspect ratio and interlaced processing”.

Learn a suitable bit rate guideline for resolution

Learn a suitable bit rate guideline for resolution

video bitrate

This is because the amount of data allocated per pixel is reduced, resulting in poor image quality.

Video Bitrate or Resolution

The same phenomenon can be said of the videos. Bit rate is the amount of data allocated per second and affects the image quality of the video. If you want to display a video on a large screen, such as full screen display on a computer or TV monitor, you need a sufficient bit rate according to the resolution. On the other hand, when displayed at a small resolution, the roughness is not as noticeable even if the bit rate is reduced. On the contrary, even if you encode at a high bit rate, you will not notice the difference in image quality, and in many cases the file size will only increase.

Below is a list of the appropriate resolutions and bit rates commonly used for Internet video distribution.

<< Estimated resolution and suitable bitrate >>
* Figures are based on 30 fps assumption and based on our opinions as of June 2021.
* The appropriate bit rate may vary slightly depending on the video content.

resolution Video with little movement Video with a lot of movement
SD (720 x 480 px) 500 kps-1 Mbps 1 Mbps-2 Mbps
HD (1280 x 720 px) 2.4 Mbps-4.5 Mbps 4.5 Mbps-9 Mbps
Full HD (1920 x 1080px) 4.5 Mbps-9 Mbps 9 Mbps-18 Mbps
4K (4096 x 2160 px) 25 Mbps-35 Mbps 35 Mbps ~ 70 Mbps
However, in the case of moving images, the image quality at the time of encoding will differ depending on whether the video material has a lot of movement or the video material has little movement, even if the bit rate is the same. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly judge and encode not only the bit rate, but also the frame rate and keyframe settings, which will be explained later, according to the video material. I hope you understand that “there is a relationship between resolution and proper bit rate” as a determining factor for high definition.

Point 2: Increase the frame rate if motion is important and lower the frame rate if image quality is important.
The frame rate (number of frames) is set at 29.97 fps for televisions and 24 fps for movies, while the frame rate is freely configurable for Internet video encoding. A video is a collection of continuous images (frames) like a flip book. The more frames per second, the smoother the movement.

In video encoding, the bit rate per second is fixed, so if you increase the frame rate, the number of images in the flip book will increase and the movement will be smoother, but the amount of data allocated per frame will decrease, so the image quality will be better to fall.
On the other hand, if you reduce the number of frames, the number of images in the flip book will decrease and the smoothness of the movement will be a little slower, but the image quality will improve because a large amount of data will be allocated to each frame.

If you want to emphasize the smoothness of motion in a video with a lot of motion, increase the frame rate (video demo 1). On the other hand, if the video has little movement, it is not necessary to increase the number of frames as much (depending on the degree), so it is effective to lower the frame rate and give priority to improving the image quality (Video Demo 2 ).

Point 3: insert “keyframes” at short intervals for moving images
A keyframe is a frame that exists as a single still image (an image that is not compressed between frames) and is the starting point for difference information. Depending on the encoder settings, the keyframes are inserted when there is a scene change and the difference information is inserted at regular intervals, such as XX frames and once every XX seconds.

What is the encryption mechanism? 5 Points to Consider for HD Video Encoding [Part 1]

What is the encryption mechanism? 5 Points to Consider for HD Video Encoding [Part 1]

sample rate

Encode

Sample Rate

The image quality of Internet videos is almost proportional to the bit rate. However, if the bit rate increases unnecessarily, the file size will increase. “Keep bit rate low”, “Reduce file size” and “Reduce load time” are linked, and there is nothing to say if you can encode in high definition while keeping the bit rate low.
Also, at the beginning, I wrote that “image quality is almost proportional to bit rate”, but I think some of you may have experienced that “I increased the bit rate and encoded, but I am not satisfied with the quality of the image. “So, this time, I will explain five points that are often used to do high definition video encoding.

” Table of Contents ”

Encoding Mechanism
Point 1: learn a suitable bit rate guideline for resolution
Point 2: Increase the frame rate if motion is important and lower the frame rate if image quality is important.
Point 3: insert “keyframes” at short intervals for moving images
* You can read the second part (Point 4, Point 5) here.

Encoding Mechanism
First, I will briefly explain the encoding mechanism.
An image is a collection of continuous images (frames), and by changing this in a short time like a flip book, it appears that you are visually moving. Japanese television images are 29.97 frames per second (short for 29.97 fps / frame per second) and most movies and animations have a standard of 24 fps. Since a large number of frames are required for video, the amount of data is also huge. Therefore, data compression is indispensable for distributing videos on the Internet.

When coding

“Prediction in frame” that compresses data within a frame
“Prediction between frames” that compresses data into consecutive frames
Information is reduced and data is compressed within the range that does not affect the visual sense.

■ What is in-frame prediction?
There are various methodologies for data compression, so I will skip the details here, but the basic idea of within-frame prediction is to divide a frame into small blocks called cells and the colors adjacent to each other in the block. they are the same or similar, they are compressed together.
For example, if there is information “blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue blue red red yellow yellow yellow” in the divided block, the amount of data can be reduced by combining this with “blue 11, red 2, yellow 3”. It’s an image.

An example of data compression in in-frame prediction (image)

■ What is cross-frame prediction?
However, in the case of video with a time axis, the number of frames is large, so there is a limit to the overall weight reduction based solely on the prediction within the frame. On the other hand, in the prediction between frames, based on the idea that “the contents are similar before and after the consecutive frames”, the cells that do not change from the previous frame reduce the amount of data by reusing information and the cells that change It becomes data as difference information.

Prediction between frames (image)

From here, I’ll explain five specific code points.