Data compression or the technique that changed everything

Without pretending to extend ourselves in the description of this critical concept, it is important to know that compression is understood as a scheme that allows, by means of a “decision” algorithm based on a series of “rules” (which in the case of audio are masking and audibility threshold) reduce the amount of data to transmit a certain message. In other words: if the song “x” occupies, in the format used to encode the sound of a CD, 1 million bits, the data compression allows that song to be reproduced with maximum intelligibility using only 50,000 of those bits.

In this way, the download of a complete CD from a certain website could be carried out in a reasonable period of time. But, of course, the price to pay was high in terms of quality because such “castration” of the original message (which in turn was not “continuous”, analog, but also digital, although “linear”, without compression) meant removing many nuances of music, a disaster that in reality did not care for many consumers but it did worry, and a lot, those who bet on that High Fidelity in the reproduction of the sound that we are so passionate about and who received a wound that was almost fatal . In this sense, it is worth knowing that the “philosophical” keys to data compression are summarized in two terms: redundancy and irrelevance. In the first case, it is about reordering the available data to eliminate the ones that are repeated (for whatever reason: security, etc.), a bit like a “zip” computer file. It is a formal remodeling that does not affect the sound message at all (but it does save space to transmit / save data, making it very practical), so in this case, we are talking about lossless compression or “lossless” ” It is the second term that has the greatest scope in terms of sound quality because the idea of ​​irrelevance implies deleting irrelevant data from a certain message. And, of course, who decides what is relevant or not? Well, an algorithm, a program that, obviously, can be more or less sophisticated but still makes decisions with which everyone will agree. It is easy to understand: what may be irrelevant to such a person and / or the team may not be so to someone else. The fact is that here musical information is deleted, which, fundamentally, can no longer be recovered. Well, the algorithms in which there are losses of musical information are known as “lossy” or lossless coding algorithms. From what has been said, it is easily deduced that the difference between the concepts “lossless” and “lossy” is the one that marks the border between high and low quality digital audio, between high resolution (with recording studio quality formats or “Studio Master” on the cusp) and that “practical” sound (in principle for portable players and cars) and very often unnatural formats like the once ubiquitous MP3, which, we insist, almost ruined with the improvements provided by the CD.
ADSL, the key to accessing High End audio via the Internet
Basically it was a purely technical progress that, logically, had to come. A progress that allowed breaking the limitations that prevented downloading a song recorded in PCM at 16 bits / 44’1 kHz and, over time, the files with much higher resolution than for a good decade and a half are the usual ones in studios of recording. So, thanks to ADSL, the High End in audio via the Internet, and therefore “without physical support” is available to everyone. At this point, it will be good to briefly review the small “soup” of acronyms with which we can find ourselves, otherwise the result of the availability of open and “closed” environments (Windows, Mac), in what CODEC’s (algorithms that compress and decompress data (in this case of music) refers to the fact that compression is the norm.

AAC (Advanced Audio Coding): It was designed to be the successor to MP3 and, although it is a lossy CODEC, the results in terms of sound quality are superior to those of MP3 for the same bit rate. The AAC has adopted a wide range of portable audio devices such as the iPod and its derivatives for use.
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format): It is the version of WAV created by Apple. Works with uncompressed (ie “lossless”) files that maintain full resolution and size.
 

ALE (Apple Lossless Encoder), also known as ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec): Uses lossless compression to save storage space. Once unzipped for listening, the file will be bit by bit identical to a full size WAV or AIFF encoded file. As in AIFF or FLAC, in ALE / A files