At the end of the 90s the engineer Leonardo Chiariglione together with Hiroshi Yasuda founded the MPEG group, creator of the MP3 audio compression algorithm that revolutionized the world of audio. Since then, music has become “liquid” and no longer needs a physical medium such as cd, disk, cassette to listen to the songs.
MP3 audio files began to invade the world thanks to the Internet and sharing programs like Napster. The mp3 had the merit of “compressing” the volume of files that could be shared even with those who did not have much bandwidth, even with a 56K modem. The audio quality was excellent, but for audiophiles it was not enough. At this point the FLAC enters the scene.
FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is a music file format that offers perfect copies of a music CD, but at half its size. It is compatible with many phones (including iPhone, with an app), portable MP3 music players, CD players, and hi-fi stereos. FLAC files are available for roughly the same price as the MP3 equivalent in online stores and they sound much better.
Today, almost all record labels sell songs in this format online and consumers can purchase lossless music from leading independent artists.
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FLAC first appeared in 2001 as an open source alternative to other lossless formats that emerged at the time. These include Apple Lossless (ALAC), Microsoft WAV (Waveform Audio Format), and WMA Lossless. But these formats had drawbacks. While ALAC has a loyal following among iPod and iPhone users, it hasn’t had much circulation outside of Apple products.
The WAV format is very popular among Windows users and is compatible with iOS devices, but the problem is the file size, they are very large and cannot contain the “tag” data: artist, album name, lyrics , etc. .
The FLAC format not only supports tags, but is also compatible with most music players. Apple is the only real obstacle, because while in 2017 there was talk of hardware support on both the iPhone 8 and X, in the end nothing was done. However, there are simple solutions for both iOS and Mac users.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MP3 AND FLAC?
MP3 is a lossy format, which means that parts of the music are removed to reduce the file size. It is supposed to use “psychoacoustics” to remove overlapping sounds, but it is not always successful. Drum cymbals, reverb, and guitars are generally the sounds most affected by MP3 compression and can sound really distorted when too much compression is applied, especially when it goes below 128 kbps.
Like MP3, FLAC has been embraced by the music industry as a cost-effective way to distribute CD-quality music and does not have the hearing impairments of MP3s. The FLAC is lossless, it is similar to a ZIP file, it is almost the same as the original when unzipped. Previously, the only way to get files “lossless” was through the uncompressed CD formats CDA or WAV, but neither is as space efficient as FLAC.
HOW MUCH SPACE DOES THE FLAC TAKE UP?
While FLAC files are up to six times the size of an MP3, they are half the size of a CD and can have the same increase in audio quality. Also, FLAC is not limited to just 16 bits (CD quality), it can go up to 24 bits / 192 kHz.
But regardless of whether you are using 16-bit or 24-bit quality files, FLAC has become a standard in the field of music. Despite competition from proprietary formats like MQA and DSD, FLAC remains competitive.
