Tag: video bitrate

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What are “bit depth” and “sample rate”? Part 2

What is the sample rate?

Next, I will explain the sample rate.

The sample rate is like the “resolution” of the audio.

The higher the sample rate, the more samples per second = you can hear better.

Requires double sample rate

One thing to keep in mind here is that you need twice the sample rate to hear sound at that frequency.

For example, if you want to hear a 1000 Hz (1 kHz) sound accurately and clearly, the sampling frequency must be at least 2000 Hz (2 kHz).

If the sample rate is less than twice the value you want to hear, “aliases” will occur and you will not be able to process the sound accurately, such as crackle or noise.

Nyquist frequency

By the way, to use a little technical word, it also means not to exceed the “Nyquist Frequency”.

The Nyquist rate is exactly half the supported sample rate.

For example, if the sampling frequency is 44.1 kHz, the Nyquist frequency will be 22.05 kHz.

If you try to handle this high-pitched sound that exceeds 22.05 kHz, the above-mentioned “aliasing” will occur and you will not be able to reproduce the sound correctly.

Range recognizable by the human ear

The loudest sound that can be recognized by the human ear is said to be 20 kHz, so to hear a 20 kHz sound, you only need to have a sample rate of at least 40 kHz.

After that, to avoid aliasing, apply an anti-aliasing filter until the Nyquist (Transition Band) frequency is reached.

For 44.1 kHz, 2050 samples x 2 are required.

In other words, a sample rate of 44.1 kHz is all that is needed to minimize the limit of sound (20 kHz) that the human ear can hear.

When the sampling frequency is high (96 kHz, 192 kHz)

Recently, it can be set to a high sample rate, such as 96 kHz or 192 kHz.

Unfortunately, even with such a high sample rate, it’s hard to tell the difference.

As shown in the image above, non-human animals can hear higher frequency sounds.

However, it is a level that we do not have to worry about because it is a completely inaudible zone for the human ear.

By the way, many audio interfaces cover up to 192 kHz.

Controversy over sampling rate

In fact, in the 1970s, many media outlets were controversial about sample rates.

At the time, 48 kHz was the audio standard used in radio, television, and video work.

However, broadcasting stations have decided to use 44.1 kHz as a standard to prevent data from being copied to consumers (viewers) by intentionally breaking compatibility (or making conversion difficult) …

It’s difficult to change data from 44.8 kHz to 44.1 kHz, so it prevented the average viewer from converting it to the sample rate used for home devices.

By the way, the article “Comparison of professional versus cheaper audio interface” is summarized here, which is also explained from the point of view of bit rate and sample rate.

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What are “bit depth” and “sample rate”?

What are “bit depth” and “sample rate”?
What are “bit rate” and “sample rate”?
I wrote it in the DTM project file settings and audio interface specs, but I don’t understand the meaning …

This time, we will answer those questions.

Here’s a quick rundown of “What is a Bit Rate / Sample Rate ?,” Explained by Professional Drummer / Engineer / Producer Ed Thorne.

Once you know this, you will be able to export the sound source in the appropriate format and you will be able to understand the standards for the equipment that you will buy in the future.

Please take a look to the end!

What is bit-deapth?

Bit depth refers to the range in which the dynamics (inflection) of the sound can be processed.

For example, if the bit depth is “16-bit”, the range of up to 96 dB can be reproduced and processed from the silent state.

96dB is all about the volume when the audience is excited at the live venue.

On the other hand, if the bit depth is “24 bit”, the 144 dB dynamics can be reproduced and processed.

144dB is roughly the volume of a jet airplane.

Dynamics in the age of streaming

Not long ago, there was no volume limit like current streaming services like YouTube and Spotify.

The louder the sound, the better the music itself, which is why the producers always wanted to make the song louder and bigger than any other music.

Today, many platforms where you can listen to music have volume restrictions, so the idea that “the more music you can play loud sounds, the better” has changed, and times have changed.

So, in this age, 16-bit or 24-bit might not make much of a difference.

The amount of data also changes

By the way, if the bit depth is high, the amount of data will change as well.

When recording a lot, it may be better to consider this a bit.

Video bit rate basics

Video bitrate is simply the amount of video data, and in principle the higher the value, the higher the image quality.

The image is like the “effective pixel count” of a digital camera.
For example, the image quality of a camera with 6 million pixels is better than that of a camera with 1 million effective pixels.
Also, the higher the video bit rate, the larger the file size.
This is also the same as the number of pixels.
A camera with 6 million pixels can shoot larger (size here is horizontal length or vertical length) than a camera with 1 million effective pixels, so the file will naturally be larger.
DVD-Video does not support high definition because the video bit rate is determined to be approximately 9.6 Mbps maximum and 720 x 480 pixels in height and width.
Therefore, to save to DVD with high picture quality like HDTV, you need to save to a new standard like AVCHD.
With VideoStudio 12 Plus, you can save to DVD-R with AVCHD, and DVDs created with this software can be viewed on PlayStation 3 and Blu-ray recorders.

Even if the video bit rate is high
However, it should be noted that if the number of effective pixels and the video bit rate are large, the image quality will always be high.
For example, if you compare the image from a camera connected to a mobile phone with 3 million effective pixels to a digital camera with 3 million pixels, it will be completely different.
It is simply the value of the amount of data packed, the performance of the image sensor (Satsuzososhi), which is also a sensor for the light-catching part, a camera with a good lens and a high-performance CPU, etc. It depends on.

This time, I would like to write about what I have researched or understood about video bit rates.

What is the video bit rate?
What makes it difficult
First of all, “bit” is an element that hinders the bit rate of the video.
If it was a video byte rate it would have been a bit easier to understand. When.
In fact, the “bytes” of the size of files and hard drives used in personal computers, etc. they are deeply related to bits, and “1 byte” means “8 bits”.

In the computer world, “a” or “not” Kano binary is there to root.
If you are making a program (especially in C language, etc.), you will feel awkward in this area, but 1 byte is a set of 8 bits. Please understand.

So, let’s go back to bitrate.
In general, no one talks about file size or hard drive size in bits.
“HDD that I bought this time, I am 960G bit”,
the person I say is not.
By the way, 960Gbit becomes 120GB when converted to bytes.

Bps unit
The unit is “bps”.
b = bit (1 byte = 8 bits)
p = even (in Japanese, it means “○ minutes”)
s = second (seconds) In other
words, if you translate it into Japanese, “1” The number of bits per second. ”

When capturing images from Sony HDR-HC3 high definition camcorder By the way, DVD-Videos, such as rental DVDs, have a maximum of 10.08 Mbps (however, the value includes audio, etc.), digital terrestrial transmission is 15 Mbps (higher image quality than DVD?), and mini DV tapes like Handycam. The video camera that records is 25Mbps.
The image on the left is the property of the file created when the image shot by the Sony HDR-HC3 high definition camcorder was imported to a computer.
The video data rate is 25000 kbps or 25 Mbps.
High definition BS digital transmission is approximately 23 Mbps.
Also, I think that Blu-ray discs, which are called Next Generation DVDs, could record up to 36 Mbps.
VHS is said to be 2 Mbps.

If you look at it this way, you can see that the DVD that I thought was high quality is not that high in reality.
However, from the point of view of older standards such as VHS, the image quality is very high.

By the way, 100 Mbps or 8 Mbps, which is used for the speed of ADSL and fiber optic lines, is also a bit rate.

[YouTube] Here’s how to check the bitrate of videos!

Have you ever had a problem with choppy YouTube playback? Checking the video bit rate can improve the playback environment. This time, I will show you how to check the bitrate of videos posted on YouTube.

Table of Contents

What is a bit rate?
How to find out the bitrate of YouTube videos
resume

What is a bit rate?

Regarding the “bitrate (bitrate)”, I think some people say, “I heard the name, but I don’t know what it means …”.

Generally speaking, the bit rate is “the amount of information (amount of data) sent and received every second”.

The unit is expressed as “bps”. For example, 1 second is displayed as 1 bps.

I don’t think there are many opportunities to be aware of this, but when you watch a video on the Internet, you may see it in a beautiful state in terms of image quality and sound quality due to the difference in each bit rate. or it may be spasmodic.

Is it better to have a higher bit rate?

A high bit rate means that you can send a large amount of data at one time.

As you can see by comparing raw video and beautiful video in terms of image quality and sound quality, the higher the image quality, the higher the bit rate.

On the other hand, the higher the bit rate, the better, and the server and electronic media used can be overloaded when doing a large amount of communication.

If you’re having trouble with choppy video, it’s a good idea to check the video playback player settings once.

How to find out the bitrate of YouTube videos
This time, I will show you how to check the bitrate of videos posted on YouTube.

The procedure to check it is very simple.
Go to the page of the video whose bit rate you want to check and right-click on the video.

Basic knowledge of video files.

.
The terms codec, resolution, frame rate, and bit rate you often see when creating videos.

This is essential basic knowledge for creators whose livelihood is video-related work.

Basic terms frequently used in video creation
1. Image quality (unit: px)
Video quality means the number of pixels.

The next four are the overall image quality. The numbers represent the number of pixels. (Number of pixels: number of pixels (points) that make up the image)

SD image quality: 720 x 480
HD image quality: 1280 x 720
Full HD: 1920 x 1080
4K: 4096 x 2160
8K: 7680 x 4320
The higher the number of pixels, the more beautiful the image will be, but the heavier the data will be. Considering the number of pixels and the amount of data, HD image quality is standard at the moment.

YouTube displays 1080p, which is Full HD, as standard. Since 1080p is compatible with the progressive 1920 x 1080 high definition picture quality used in other TV receivers, it is said to take progressive p.

YouTube provides images with different resolutions depending on the viewer’s device. Also, if you play a video in an environment with a slow line, the image quality will automatically decrease.

Bit rate (unit: bps)
Bit rate means the amount of data per second. Since the amount of data includes video and audio, the higher the bit rate, the higher the image quality and sound quality. Also, the higher the frame rate (explained below), the higher the bit rate.

The higher the bit rate, the better the picture and sound quality.
If the bit rate is high, the network and the playback terminal will be overloaded.
Even if you increase the bit rate, the image quality and sound quality will not be higher than the original video material.
The bit rate unit is as follows.

Kilobits per second (kbps, kb / s, 10 bps at third power)
Megabits per second (Mbps, Mb / s, 10 bps to the sixth power)
Gigabit per second (Gbps, Gb / s, 10 bps to the 9th power))
Terabit per second (Tbps, Tb / s, 10 bps to 12)

Frame rate (unit: fps)
Frame rate means how many still images are used in one second video. For example, 30 fps means “30 still images are used per second”. Recently, 60fps has been added to cameras. If you duplicate the image taken, the image that is comparable to the general 30fps will have the image quality that you can see if the image is stable even in slow motion. The higher the frame rate, the more still images will be used per second and the smoother the movement will be when viewed in video.

On the iPhone 6S, it’s 30fps when shooting in 4k and 60fps when shooting in Full HD. In the case of a movie, 24 frames per second are played, making it 24 fps.

The higher the frame rate, the higher the data, but since the frame rate of the screen playing the video is fixed, even if you increase the frame rate of the video itself, it will not be drawn at that rate.

What is the audio bit rate?

Relationship between “bit depth” and “sample rate” and sound quality

Bit rate is one of the factors that determines the quality of a video job.

Among them, the audio bit rate determines the end of the audio. Understanding the bit rate will allow you to control the sound quality and create higher quality audio.

So on this occasion, I will explain bit depth and sample rate, which are essential to talk about sound quality.

What is a bit rate?
What is a bit rate?
■ Bit rate represents high quality

Bit rate is a numerical value that represents the amount of information in the data, and the height of the bit rate is proportional to the quality of the data.

By looking at the bit rate, you can see how much data is packed in one second. Generally, the higher the bit rate, the higher the sound quality and the more realistic the sound and video are.

■ Audio bit rate and video bit rate

In the case of video, the bit rate is divided into two types, video and audio, and the overall quality of the video is determined by the height of each bit rate.

The “video data rate” shown in the video properties is the video bit rate and the bit rate assigned to “audio” is the audio bit rate. The “total bit rate” is the total of the two types of bit rates, video and audio, and is the bit rate of all video.

However, high bit rate audio is not always good sound. This is because if the quality of the original audio data or the equipment used for recording is poor, poor quality audio will be played. For example, if the original voice contains noise, the noise part will be reproduced realistically and the voice will be difficult to hear. Similarly, if the video bit rate is low, the movement will be choppy and unnatural, or the video will be uneven.

What is the bit depth that determines the sound quality?
What is the bit depth that determines the sound quality?
The bit rate is calculated by multiplying the two factors of bit depth and sample rate. Bit depth represents the amount of data per divided sample and is an element that affects the quality and expressiveness of the sound.

The sample rate is the finely divided horizontal axis and the bit depth is the one that overlaps the vertical axis. By providing a large amount of data (bit depth) to each sample, it is possible to create finer and more accurate audio data.

Bit depth is the precision of each image in animation production. The higher the bit depth, the more expressive the sound and effects will be, and the higher the sound quality will feel.

What is the sample rate that determines the smoothness?
Of the bit rates that determine audio quality, the sample rate is an element that represents the number of data divisions per second on the horizontal axis. It shows how many tens of thousands of data are divided per second, and the greater the number of divisions, the higher the sound reproducibility and sound quality.

It is even easier to understand if you consider it a mechanism similar to animation production. The more images you use per second, the smoother your character will move, and the higher the sample rate (the number of data divisions), the smoother the sound. Also, the amount of data increases according to the size of the sample rate.

in conclusion
To improve sound quality, it is important to increase the audio bit rate. The audio bit rate is determined by two factors: the bit depth, which determines the expressiveness of the sound, and the sampling rate, which determines the smoothness of the sound.

However, it should be noted that the higher the audio bit rate, the more beautiful the audio will be and it will also be affected by the original sound source. If you want to create high-quality data from the moment of recording, why not ask a production company that has high-quality recording equipment?

I think a lot of people are concerned about the balance between capacity and sound quality when it comes to a computer-mounted audio system. Professional engineers and mixers will come up with the best balance, so don’t hesitate to contact us on these points.

What is a bit rate?

What is the relationship between image quality and sound quality?

Video conversion
Video video format conversion

When you burn video to DVD, rip DVD, or use video-related software, you will often hear the word “bit rate”. What is a bit rate? What is the relationship between video quality and sound quality? This article describes the relationship between bit rate and video quality and sound quality.

Part 1. What is a bit rate?
Part 2. Relationship between bit rate and image quality / sound quality
Part 3. Adjust video bitrate with Leawo Video Pro

Part 1. What is bit rate?
Bit rate is the number of bits transferred or processed per unit of time in telecommunications and computing. Simply put, it is the amount of data that can be sent and received per second. It can also be called bit rate. It is represented as the variable R.

In digital multimedia, bit rate often refers to the number of bits used per unit of playback time to represent continuous media such as audio and video after source encoding (data compression). The media file encoding bit rate is the size of the media file in bytes divided by the playback time (seconds) of the recording multiplied by 8.

In digital multimedia, the bit rate represents the amount of information recorded per unit of time. The bit rate depends on several factors.

The source material can be sampled at different frequencies.
The sample can use a different number of bits.
The data can be encoded using different schemes.
Information can be digitally compressed with different algorithms or different degrees.

Part 2. Relationship between bit rate and image quality / sound quality
Simply put, the higher the bit rate, the better the picture and sound quality.

The sum of the video and audio bit rates is called the oval bit rate (total bit rate). Oval bit rate = video bit rate + audio bit rate

The higher the bitrate, the better the picture and sound quality, but it consumes a lot of net bandwidth and requires PC specs. Here are some points about bit rates.