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Youtube: best formats and resolutions for Youtube

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Youtube: best formats and resolutions for Youtube

Which configuration to choose for the best result

Google Corporation sets a number of requirements and offers many recommendations on video format, codec, bit rate, and resolution to upload to YouTube servers. Clips should be added in the highest resolution available, ensuring high image quality when viewed on large screens, flexibility when converting or rendering after editing.

Videos intended for rental should have a frame size of at least 1080p (Full HD) and an aspect ratio of 16 to 9, the parameters of most modern monitors. For commercial videos where you plan to insert ads, there are no frame size restrictions. However, you should not upload files with frame sizes below 720p at 16: 9 and 480p at 4: 3. With low quality, users with large monitors will find it uncomfortable to watch video footage, they may miss its content.

It is worth knowing that after downloading the video, YouTube always re-converts the material to optimize the playback quality.

In what format can you upload videos to YouTube?
In search of information on what video format is needed to upload to YouTube, you can re-read dozens of pages of information in articles and forums, and when you try to upload a finished file, you run into a problem. The service will not read it. At the same time, a file of a certain format may be compatible with a video hosting service, but the video codec used to encode it is not. To avoid duplicate work, convert or save your work in the following formats:

3GP;
AVI;
CineForm;
DNxHR;
FLV;
HEVC (compressed with H.265 codec);
MOV;
MP4;
MPEG4;
MPEGPS;
ProRes;
WebM;
WMV.

The platform does not support pure audio files, even in such common formats as WAV and MP3. If you want to share your own composition or track that does not violate the rights of its owner, convert the audio to MP4 or other format by adding a video sequence in the form of a cover or a series of thematic images. The following types of files can be used as an audio track:

AAC (in a MOV container);
FLAC;
MP3 (included in a WAV container);
PCM (to WAV).
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The resource administration does not give recommendations on the most suitable format, however, it is advisable to give preference to MP4 due to a number of characteristics of the container. For example, most digital devices write in MP4, many media players are sharp for it, the format has a higher compression ratio than AVI.

Video size (resolution and aspect ratio)
The size of a video to upload to YouTube depends on the way it is viewed: in an Internet browser, an application for the Android or iOS mobile platform, a third-party player, and the format: classic horizontal or vertical, shot on a mobile device. The player for mobile platforms adapts to the dimensions of the video, regardless of its orientation, trying to fill the maximum area of the screen with useful content. In this case, the frame is neither stretched nor compressed.

The YouTube video player window has a length-to-height ratio of 16 to 9. Deviating from the royalties is not recommended; this is a classic format, the most widespread in the world.

When playing videos with different settings, gray or white bars may appear in the corners or at the top and bottom of the screen, depending on the active theme. They will be black in the internet browser. Avoid the appearance of these stripes in the video during recording and eliminate them during editing. They make it more difficult to automatically resize the player window.

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The optimal video size for YouTube in 16: 9 progressive scan is shown in the table. Meeting the requirements will prevent solid color streaks on the sides or below and above the image when viewed on most mobile devices, televisions and monitors.

Height (p) Resolution (px)
2160 3840 x 2160
1440 2560 x 1440
1080 1920 x 1080
720 1280 x 720
480 854 x 480
360 640 x 360
240 426 x 240
It is advisable to take care of the video transmission format (1080p) and MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 for DVD players. The following features ensure that there are no playback issues in any way, regardless of device and platform.

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The best format for YouTube videos

The best format for YouTube videos is Codec. The codec is the part of the software that deals with the encoding and decoding of the information that constitutes the transmission of audio or video. The newer codecs also deal with compression and decompression, and therefore when encoding and decoding signals, they use mathematical algorithms that allow you to save storage space at the expense of quality.

Compression

In video file playback, compression is performed using mathematical functions that reduce the number of frames per second or decrease the resolution of the pixels that make up the image. In audio files, compression is performed by removing the frequencies that are not fully perceptible to the human ear and the number of bits that make up the sound information.

Container

The best option for the extension is mp4. The frame rate should be the same as that recorded and edited. The most common container formats are MKV or AVI.

Video formats

Youtube uses the HD 1080p streaming format and the MPEG-2 steam supports the DVD format and is saved with a .MPG extension. If you can’t send the video in MPEG-2 format, choose the MPEG-4 format.

MPEG-2
Audio codec: MPEG Layer II and Dolby AC-3
Audio Bit Rate: 128Kbps or higher
MPEG-4
Video codec: H.264
Audio codec: AAC
Audio Bit Rate: 128Kbps or higher
Minimum audiovisual duration
The minimum duration is 33 seconds, excluding black and static images on the video channel, as well as silence and background noise on the audio channel.

Frame rates

Videos must be at the native frame rate without resampling. As for film originals, a 24fps or 25fps progressive master produces the best results. Frame rates are typically set to 24, 25, or 30 frames per second.

It is not advisable to use resampling techniques as they allow the images to vibrate and often result in poor video quality. Examples: upsampling and transfer like “telecine pulldown”.

Dimensions

Videos must use native aspect ratios, and uploaded videos should never include the black bands of “letterbox” and “pillarbox”. The Youtube player uses frames that allow you to watch videos correctly, without cropped or stretched images.

Video resolution

YouTube would like high definition videos.

For videos intended for sale and rental, you must provide a minimum resolution of 1920 x 1080 with an aspect ratio of 16: 9.
For free or advertising content, YouTube does not require a minimum resolution, but recommends a resolution of at least 1280 x 720 for videos with an aspect ratio of 16: 9 and a resolution of at least 640 x 480 for videos with an aspect ratio. 4: 3.
If the videos are of lower quality, they are not visible to the public on YouTube and are used as a reference for Content ID. These videos generally have a “quarter” resolution, which is 320 x 240. However, the videos must have more than 200 lines to produce effective references.

Bitrate

Bit rates depend on the codec. It is the number of bits per unit of time (attention! We are talking about bits and not bytes), generally measured in KiloBits per second. For the same format, the more information per second, the higher the quality or resolution of the film or audio. Videos should be optimized based on frame rate, aspect ratio, and resolution rather than bitrate.

The evolution of YouTube video formats

In describing the technologies and applications dedicated to video viewing, a very specific terminology is used that is unknown to most people.

Following this document, we briefly describe the most important terms, as follows:

By encoder we mean a program encoding and decoding a specific analog form, for example a video (an example of a encoder is Sorenson Spark),
The term form means the set of rules and conventions used to encode digital information, such as video (an example of a form is Mpeg-4)
By playback program, we mean the specific application used to access a service, such as watching a video (an example of a playback program is Flashplayer).
The term plugin refers to an autonomous program that interacts with another program, the main program, to extend the functions of the main program itself.

A historical analysis

YouTube is a web platform that allows you to watch and share videos online. Youtube is constantly evolving and with a continuous series of changes within the platform.

In this article we will explain the various video formats and their features, encoders, playback programs and add-ons that have been used since 2005, the date YouTube was founded, until today.

Since 2009, the reference technologies used by the site are HTML5 for Wed and Mpeg-4 pages with H264 encoder for video. Previously, the site used Macromedia Flashplayer 7 with video encoder Sorenson Spark H.264. The features of this player are similar to many other players such as Windows Media Player, RealPlayer or Apple QuickTime Player. On the other hand, this player had a downside as it required the installation of an add-on, which could be Adobe Flash Player or Gnash. To date, Youtube accepts videos in WMV, AVI, QTTF, ogg and MPEG formats (3gp, MPEG-1, MP4e M4v)

Since March 2008, YouTube has been able to see some “high quality” (HQ) videos. After the last interface changes, this functionality is activated by clicking the “View” button located below the video viewing window. This functionality can also be activated for high quality videos by adding the “& fmt = 18” string to the end of the video address.

In November 2008, the ability to view high definition video (720p) was added, ie better quality video than the high quality mentioned above (HQ). If there is a function, just click the HD button on the playback line or add the “& fmt = 22” string at the end of the video address.

In November 2009, HD functionality was upgraded from 1280 × 720 (known as 720p) to 1920 × 1080 full HD (known as 1080p), compatible with HD cameras and monitors. In any case, a video that is loaded with high definition is always possible to play even in the lowest definition.

Support for 4K video resolution (4096 × 3072 pixels) was also implemented in July 2010.

The available definitions are as follows:

144p (176 × 144): low quality for portable devices.
240p (320 × 240) – High quality for portable devices.
360p (480 × 360/640 × 360);
480p (640 × 480/854 × 480) – equivalent to that of a DVD video.
720p (1280 × 720);
1080p (1920 × 1080): equivalent to that of a Blu-ray disc.
1440p (2560 × 1440);
2160p (3840 × 2160);
4K (4096 × 3072): used in digital cinema.
8K (7680 × 4320) – “extremely high definition”, experimentally digital video format.
Since July 2009, YouTube has been able to upload stereoscopic (3D) videos and display them through its playback program in a variety of ways, both with embossed (old two-color lenses) and with a 3D screen with IR transmitter and active glasses . .

Sorenson Codecs

Figure 1.2 Sonseron
This encoder (also known as Sorenson Video Codec, Sorenson Video Quantizer or SVQ) is a proprietary digital video encoder, invented by Sorenson Media Inc. This encoder is used in Apple’s QuickTime Player and Adobe Flash.

There are three different Sorenson encoders:

Sorenson Video: Two editions of Sorenson Video have been released. The first version first appeared on QuickTime 3 on March 30, 1998. The second compatible version was released with QuickTime 4 in 1999, which included minor improvements and optimizations to the Edition Edition, and then coded the videos.