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What is a video format?

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What is a video format?

The video formats, the format for saving movies shot by, the “Video format” and the “container” are said to be similar.

In short, it is like a “box” to store the video material you recorded, and there are several types of this box.

So if the player to display the video does not support the frame type (= video format), it cannot be displayed.

To prevent this from happening, the drone operator needs to know in advance “what is the video format to record”.

How is it different from the video codec?

Here, a similar word is “video codec”.

You may have ever heard of “H.264” and “MPEG”.

“What is the difference between the video format and the video codec?”

As you may think, the “video format” is just a “box” that contains the video, as mentioned above.

The “video codec” is a standard that “compresses” the video data contained in the box.

After all, there is no difference in the image quality and the amount of data when you change the type of video format, but on the contrary, if the video codec is different, the compression method will be different and the quality of the image and the amount of data of the final data. switch to. Will be.

* See also the differences in video codecs here.

・ What are H.264 and H.265? Differences in video codecs you should know

Video format type

So what kind of “box” is there to store video data?

The following are common video format types.

-MP4 file format “.mp4” “.m4a”

This is the most widely used video file format today.

Derived from the MOV file presented below, it was developed as an industry standard format.

The feature is that it can store anything like audio, subtitles, and 3D data, as well as video data.

Basically, it is compatible with most video players, so if you don’t know what to save, it is safe to choose an MP4 file.

-MOV file format “.mov” “.qt”

Apple standard video format. As a result, it works very well with Apple and Mac products.

Video Playback Software Since it is a standard Quicktime video format, MOV files are recommended when editing video data on MacOS.

Please note that MOV files are not compatible with Windows so some people may have problems like “I can’t see them on Windows PC”.

-WMV file format “.wmv”

Windows standard video format.

WMV files can be used when using videos mainly in Windows PC environment.

-Webm file format “.webm”

A video format developed by Google.

Since it can be used royalty-free and is intended to work on the web, we aim to keep it light and of good quality.

When you upload a video to Youtube, it will be automatically converted to this WebM file regardless of the original video format.

Which one to choose, “MP4” or “MOV”?

In this video file format, you can now select “MP4” or “MOV” in the drone settings. (* Only “MP4” is rated lower than Spark)

The normal setting is “mp4” and you don’t need to change it unless you have a specific reason.

However, after capturing the movie clip data, please do the editing on a Mac host computer, or if there is a customer designation is “mov” at the top of the set, we will take the shot.

If you shoot in the mov file format and want to convert it to mp4 later, you can convert it using the worst file conversion software, so no problem.

Choose the video file format according to your PC environment.

Finally
That you thought.

We have introduced the basic video file formats.

With the advent of the 5G era, the video market is expected to grow significantly. This is because 5G allows you to upload videos without stress.

In response to this, youtube and tiktok are also showing enthusiasm. Instagram used to look at photos, but now it also focuses on video content.

Drones provide us with amazing images. Because you can shoot from the bird’s point of view. Using a helicopter or Cessna, it was possible to shoot from the sky.

However, it is not realistic for general users to shoot because it costs a lot of money. Drones provide us with images from the sky.

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What is MP4? Basic knowledge of MP4

What is MP4? Basic knowledge of MP4

What is MP4? When we play a video on a portable device like iPhone / iPad / iPod / Apple TV / PSP, we check the video file format and it turns out to be .mp4

What exactly is MP4? Next, we will explain the meaning, codec, characteristics, versatility, use, etc. of MP4.

What is MP4? .MP4 file: meaning / definition of MP4 explained in detail

MP4 is part of the MPEG-4 standard and is a digital multimedia container file format. Specifically, MP4 is a derivative format of ISO / IEC 14496 Part 12 developed based on Apple’s QuickTime media technology file format, and has a structure that follows many of the conventional QuickTime formats. The extension is .mp4, but the extension is different in some cases. That is, .m4v only for video and .m4a only for audio. It is used quite often in combination with the H.264 codec.

MP4 Features | What are the advantages and disadvantages of MP4?

MP4 has more functions than AVI, it is smaller than MKV, it has greater compatibility than FLV, and it can be compressed to the same image quality at a lower bit rate than MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, which is currently the most important. it will be said that it is a form.

The most important feature is its high convenience, which means that it is compatible with various operating systems, browsers, smartphones, tablets, mobile phones, and household appliances. It can be used on both Mac and Windows, and you can play videos without installing MP4 playback software. Speaking of the merits of MP4, it is easy to edit and has a high compression rate. Speaking of downsides, I think technically not suitable for oversized high-quality videos.

Explains MP4 codec and MP4 compatible devices
MP4 is a codec that further compresses MPEG-2. MP4 can be used by storing and using a combination of multimedia data from the following video and audio codecs.

Questions and answers about MP4

Questions and answers about MP4

Mp4

Movies recorded in the MPEG-4 format have already gained deserved popularity among a wide audience of PC users. These films usually fit on a CD and, in terms of image quality, they can compete successfully with video tapes. Not the last factor that determines the popularity of MPEG-4 discs is their price – 60-70 rubles. against 400-600 p. for the DVD. Therefore, MPEG-4 could well become a middle ground on the path of the massive transition of home users from analog VHS video recorders to the digital standard DVD.

MP4

In the Russian-language part of the Internet, you can find a large number of materials about the MPEG-4 standard, but most of them contain a description of the complexities of the process of compressing video in this format. This is, of course, a specific question that requires detailed research, but for users acting only as viewers, these articles often cannot answer the questions that arise when they want to watch movies. Another important source of information is conferences. In the “Processors”, “Video”, “Multimedia” sections, issues related to speed, quality, optimal settings and everything related to MPEG-4 are constantly raised, but the answers received often contradict each other. Someone claims that all his life he watched MPEG-4 without brakes on Pentium 200, others complain about the slideshow,

This article attempts to clarify frequently asked questions from people who have recently encountered this format, as well as to draw the attention of those who have never encountered MPEG-4 before. Hopefully, after reading this material, the reader who is not involved in video editing and compression will be able to safely say, “Now I know enough about this.”

What is MPEG?
MPEG is an abbreviation that stands for Moving Picture Experts Group (before writing a letter the first letter is not deciphered, so go to www.mpeg.org).

It is a fairly large organization, consisting of developers of audio, video and computer equipment, as well as programmers and specialists involved in the development and implementation of standards for algorithms for compression, transmission, storage and reproduction of audio and video data.

Among the developments of this group in the field of digital video recording, the most famous are:

MPEG-1 standard. It was released in 1992. Users most often associate it with movies on VideoCD. The typical consumer video format for MPEG-1 in the PAL standard is 352 * 288 pixels, 25 frames per second. The audio part is stereo audio with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, compressed in MPEG-1 Layer II. A feature film recorded in this format occupies two CDs in the VideoCD standard. The picture quality of VideoCDs is on par with a consumer VHS videotape.

MPEG-2 standard. Released in 1995. Users come across this video compression format primarily when purchasing DVD with movies. The typical frame size for a PAL / SECAM video DVD movie is 720 * 576 at 25 frames per second, or 640 * 480 at 30 frames per second in the NTSC standard. Compared to MPEG-1, the audio part adds support for multi-channel sound (Dolby Digital 5.1, DTS, etc.). Increasing the bit rate and using an improved video compression algorithm have given DVD movies much better picture quality than VideoCD. MPEG-2 is also used today in digital satellite television. Home DVD players in our country are gaining popularity. The relatively high price of DVD movies plays a big role in this.

MPEG-4 standard. Its development began in the first half of the 90s of the last century. In December 1999, a launch of this format was presented, which received the official status of the ISO / IEC standard. MPEG-4 was conceived as a way to transfer data from transmission media, mainly video, over low-bandwidth channels. The standard unexpectedly gained popularity among low-budget users: the use of more complex compression algorithms made it possible to put one-and-a-half-hour to two-hour feature films in acceptable quality on a single CD. With the same bit rate and certain encoding conditions, the image quality of a movie in MPEG-4 can be comparable or even better than when using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2. However, the use of new compression algorithms also significantly increased the requirements for the computational resources necessary for decompressing high-quality images from this format.

Mpeg-4, start the countdown in Europe

Countdown to a double shutdown, which will force millions of Europeans to change their television or mount a special decoder. In fact, the first (small) television revolution is eight months away: as of January 1, digital terrestrial broadcasts will use only Mpeg-4 encoding, abandoning the now-old Mpeg-2.

As of July 2022 the second (major) revolution: all transmissions will go in Dvb-t2 (the second digital terrestrial transmission standard), with Hevc encoding (which allows greater compression than simple Mpeg-4 and therefore more channels and / or better quality). A double revolution made necessary by the arrival of 5G, which from 2022 will also use the 700 Mhz frequencies that televisions now use.

It is good to arrive prepared for these dates, taking into account everything that is at stake. On the one hand, the risk not only of not being able to see terrestrial digital but also of not being able to enjoy the advantages of Hevc, soon adopted by other platforms (such as Netflix, which has already announced it).

On the other hand, the possibility of being able to have state incentives for switching to a suitable television or decoder: 25 euros per hour provided only for a small audience of users (over 75, exempt from the Rai rate and with a maximum income of 8 thousand euros per year), but in the future perhaps extendable by means of new decrees to a greater number of users. The earliest deadline: January 2020 Mpeg-4 Mpeg-4 is the normal encoding that we are used to having on internet videos since the early days of broadband, while Mpeg-2 dates back to the days of DVD. AND

He first manages to bring more content in the same space (disk or radio) and therefore even thanks to this step it will be possible to start releasing some frequencies for 5G of the 700 MHz band. The good news is that for more than one Europeans of the decade have MPEG-4, but according to Mise’s estimates there are around 10 million still stationary on MPEG-2.

Please note that the change in frequencies will be gradual, from January 2020 to December 2021, in the various regions of Italy (according to a roadmap defined by the Government). Two years in which it could also happen that, apart from the Mpeg-4 issue, due to this move it will be necessary to intervene in the condominium system for a readjustment. To understand if our TV (now prehistoric) fits into these, simply connect to the HD channels of digital terrestrial (from 501 onwards): if an error message appears and we cannot see the signal, it means that we do not have the MPEG-4.

They are high definition channels precisely because the best compression allows you to increase the amount of usable data for the same amount of space. Or to occupy less while maintaining the same amount of data (that is, the same number of channels with standard quality), which is precisely the advantage of being able to release frequencies of 700 MHz for 5G. It is enough to take a very cheap “zapper” decoder to adapt TV to MPEG-4, but perhaps it could be an opportunity for a more substantial upgrade, which looks to the future.

Second deadline: July 2022 After just over two years, in fact, we will already need support for DVBT-2 and Hevc codecs, which make signal transmission and compression even more efficient. Which means the possibility both of saving other frequencies and, above all, of changing many of the current channels to 4K. Since January 2017, all televisions integrate the two technologies by law. If we have a TV released before this date, it will be good to do an internet search to read if its specs include Dvbt-2 and Hevc.

However, if not, it may be helpful to wait a little longer before switching to a new model. Until July 2020 we do not need those two technologies for digital terrestrial; If we still do not perceive our TV as obsolete, for our uses, we must wait. If nothing else, in this way we can save money by buying a television that by then will not be so recent but will already be equipped with DVBT-2 and Hevc. It is also possible that the Government will slightly expand the audience of the beneficiaries of the television bonus . if we find, on a deadline, with several families that are not yet equipped with compatible devices. One reason to accelerate the switch to Hevc could be the adoption of Netflix. That thanks to the new codec it will be possible to give 4K even to those who have a line that is not really ultra-broadband and offer 8K content to a wider audience of people.

What is the difference between MP3 and Mp4?

MP3 and MP4, what are the differences?

Many wonder if MP4 is in all respects an “improved version” of MP3. The answer to this question is definitely “NO”, as these are two different types of file data.

In fact, MP3s refer only to the audio encoding aspect, while MP4s also store images, videos, text and subtitles, so in this case we are talking about a real digital container of different types of information.

To better understand what the differences are between the two formats, let’s take a closer look at both.

MP3, history and functions

Designed by the Moving Picture group of experts and introduced to the world in the early 1990s, MP3, short for MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, is an audio format that has revolutionized the concept of music and its portability.

Its operation is based on a specific lossy compression algorithm that allows to significantly reduce the volume of data useful for playing an audio track, called Lossy (translated: Loss).

Despite this compression, the end result remains faithful to the original recording for the vast majority of users.
In practice, any frequency considered imperceptible to the human ear is considered “removable”.

What does all this imply? Simple! The resulting MP3 file will be extremely smaller than the starting track, therefore, at a volume that previously could only hold 20 music files, hundreds of MP3 tracks can be stored.

MP4, history and features

The release of MP4, or MPEG4 Part 14, dates back to the early 2000s, precisely to 2002, and is used for digital video and audio broadcasts, images, and subtitles.

It is defined as a multimedia container in standard format or part of MPEG4 and does not have a standard information encoding method.

MP4 technology is based on the Apple QuickTime MOV format with, in addition, support for different MPEGs and higher quality audio expressed in AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) format.

From all this it can be understood that MP4 can be audio, video or audio + video files at the same time, also considering the possible presence of images or subtitles.

This is, for example, the most widely used format in the ever-evolving world of digital television and mobile video telephony.

Remember that the two extensions MP4 and M4A indicate the same type of file, what changes is only the extension and, in most cases, you can rename a specific file so that it is suitable for reading by the program.

Bottom line: when to use MP3 and MP4?

Finally, when should you choose an MP3 or MP4 format?

In the event that your file is exclusively an audio track, to be listened to while you are running and to be played through a small portable device, it is good to convert your songs to MP3 format.

This will take up less space on your device, preserve good audio quality, and can store many more songs in the player’s memory.

If, on the other hand, the files you are interested in are videos, perhaps accompanied by audio, images and subtitles, and they will be played on a device with a screen, the format I recommend is undoubtedly MP4.

The secrets of how MP4 film and video compression works

You watch videos on an electronic device, tablet, smartphone or PC every day, but have you ever wondered how they work?

If we can stream high-definition films on our computers today, it is ideal for the technologies that have been developed over the past 30 years and that have revolutionized our view of digital film archiving. Technologies that are part of video compression systems.

How does a video work?

In general, a video is nothing more than a series of photos that appear in quick succession as quickly as possible.

By displaying the images in succession on the order of a few tens per second, it is possible to achieve the motion effect typical of films.

In particular, the video we see every day generally shows 24 to 25 frames per second. The number of frames per second displayed in a video is called the frame rate or even FPS (frames per second), which you have probably heard in the field of video games.

Video compression

If you do a quick calculation, it is clear that displaying 25 frames per second and saving exactly as you would save a photo on your computer would reach dimensions that are not realistic in terms of space.

A short example: A medium resolution photo in JPEG requires 300 KB. If 25 photos per second have to be displayed, we need 7.5 MB per second. So a 1 hour movie would be 27 GB. Considering that a DVD can generally hold 4.7 GB of data, this would mean that the average movie should be spread over a dozen DVDs, with the effort required to replace the disc every ten minutes of the movie .

Fortunately, we have managed to find a smarter way to play these films, and today we are generally used to recording video in kbps. H. eighth KB per second.

An hour of 300 kbps video only consumes 135 MB, much less than the previous 27 GB, and a value that allows you to realistically transfer these videos over the Internet, creating systems like YouTube, Netflix, and the competition.

Reducing the size of these videos is called “compression”. We generally speak of lossy compression, which is a type of compression that results in a slight loss of quality, most of which is aimed at being invisible to the eye. Human.

The higher the compression, the greater the loss of quality, of course. And if poorly compressed video can be of very high quality if you increase the compression, you will easily get into the mistake of moving around the screen.

How does video compression work?

The compression process of a video is quite long and varied. A lot depends on the type of format used. MPEG2, H264, WEBM … There are dozens of ways to compress a video, and they all give more or less different results depending on the video type.

In principle, however, all of these video compression formats have some strengths in common, which we will describe below.

First we said that the video consists of a series of pictures and that we have to show all of these pictures one after the other to show the video.

The problem is that storing all of these images takes up a lot of space. To save space, video formats generally don’t save all of the images. However, you save a single frame for every N images. Usually a complete picture is saved every 12 pictures. Of the remaining 11, only the parts of the image that have changed from the previous image are saved.

This way, instead of having to save 12 whole images, we can save the first in its entirety and then only the piece that changes between the first and the second, then only the piece that changes between the second and the third and so on.

The images that are completely saved are called I-FRAME and those whose only difference from the previous image is P-FRAME.

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