WAV format
File extension: .wav
WAVE or WAV is a short form of Wave Audio File Format (less commonly known as Audio for Windows). This format is the standard for storing audio streams on a PC. It is the domain of the RIFF format for storing audio in “strings”, very similar to the 8SVX and AIFF formats used by the Amiga and Macintosh computers respectively. It is also the main format on Windows systems for storing normal uncompressed audio. Typically this is done by linear pulse code modulation.
Description
Both WAV and AIFF are compatible with Windows, Macintosh or Linux operating systems. The format also takes into account some of the differences in Intel processors, such as endian byte order. The RIFF format acts as a wrapper for various audio compression codecs.
Although a WAV file can contain compressed audio, its most common use is to store uncompressed audio in linear PCM format. The standard audio CD format, for example, is LPCM audio, with 2 channels, 44-100 Hz sample rate, and 16 bits per sample. Since the LPCM format stores uncompressed audio that is exactly the same as the original, it allows professional users and audio experts to use it for maximum audio quality. The WAV audio file can also be modified in almost any audio editor. The WAV format works with compressed audio on Windows systems via the Audio Compression Manager (ACM) … Any ACM codec can be used to compress a WAV file. The ACM user interface can be accessed through a variety of programs, including the standard audio recording program on some versions of Windows.
Starting with Windows 2000, the WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE header appeared, which allowed to store multichannel audio data, taking into account the location of the speakers, eliminating ambiguities in terms of sample types and container sizes in the standard WAV format. It also supported arbitrary extensions for the snippet format.
There are also many inconsistencies in the WAV format: for example, 8-bit data is unsigned, while 16-bit data is signed.
WAV files can contain embedded IFF “lists”, which can contain multiple sub-changes.
Metadata
Derived from the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF), WAV files can have metadata (tags) in the INFO chunk. Additionally, Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) metadata can be embedded in WAV files.
Popularity
WAV files are large enough that this format is cumbersome to share over the Internet, and this greatly undermines its popularity. However, this format, as a general rule, is most often used to preserve the original appearance of high-quality files in cases where the amount of free disk space is not limited. It is also used in audio editing programs to save time when compressing and decompressing data.
More often, data is compressed using lossy formats such as Ogg Vorbis, MP3, ATRAC, AAC, Musepack, and WMA, which are used to store and share music (for example, between Internet users). The small file size and the ability to download them quickly are also a significant advantage, while this audio data takes up much less space. But lossy formats sacrifice quality for size, so their algorithms do not preserve the original sound quality in every detail. But there are also lossless codecs like FLAC, Shorten, Monkey’s Audio, ATRAC Advanced Lossless, Apple Lossless, WMA Lossless, TTA, WavPack, but none of these codecs are generally accepted.
The use of the WAV format is generally accepted due to its simplicity and simple structure, which is largely based on the RIFF file format. Thanks to this, the WAV format does not suffer any harassment between various software or hardware players, it is compatible almost everywhere.
Despite the enormous size of uncompressed WAV data, this format is sometimes used for retransmissions, especially for adapted cassette-less systems. BBC Radio in the UK uses 44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo audio data as standard on its VCS system. The ABC “D-Cart” system, which was developed by an Australian broadcaster, uses 48 kHz 16-bit stereo audio data, which is identical to digital audio cassettes (DAT).
