Tag: does ps4 have digital audio out

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Sample rate and bit rate

I wrote over audio files last time, but if you reduce the file size (code at a lower bitrate), the sound quality tends to deteriorate. How much should it really be? .. ..

When compressing using audio encoding (AAC, MP3, etc.), the compression rate is determined by the bit rate at the time of encoding. Specifically, if you set a low bitrate, the compression rate will be higher and the file size when saved will be smaller, but first, what is the bitrate for the uncompressed original sound source (PCM) ?
If you save it as PCM, the sound quality will be the original sound, but it may be a little inconvenience to save it without worrying about the file size. Also, depending on the application, I think the memory capacity is sufficient even for the size of the original sound, and the communication speed is good. Therefore, I would like to write about the sample rate and bit rate that are often heard in digital audio.

The bit rate of digital audio is determined by the sampling frequency, the number of bits assigned to a sample (number of quantization bits), and the number of channels (stereo, monaural, etc.).

PCM bit rate (uncompressed) = sample rate x number of quantization bits x number of channels
As I wrote a bit last time, for example in file containers like wav and mp4 format, this information is attached as a header, so that the application can see the header and play it. The compression rate of the encoding is determined by the bit rate specified at the time of encoding for this PCM (uncompressed) bit rate.
For example, as many of you know about music CDs, with 44.1 kHz stereo, this is the next bit rate.

Music CD bit rate: 44100Hz x 16bit x 2ch (stereo) = 1411.2kbps
When encoding this with MP3, AAC, etc., it is natural to specify a bitrate lower than 1411.2 kbps. For example, when encoding at 256 kbps, the compression rate is approximately 18% when the original sound is 100% and the file size is 1/5 or less.

Encode Music CDs at 256 kbps: 256 kbps / 1,411.2 kbps = approximately 18%
Generally, the sample rates of audio devices actually connected to PCs are 48 kHz and 44.1 kHz for music, 16 kHz and 8 kHz for audio such as microphones and headphones, and 32 kHz, 24 kHz, 22.05 kHz. , etc.

The bit rate of PCM (uncompressed sound source) with 16-bit quantization bits is as follows.

Stereo (for music) PCM 16-bit bit rate (example)
Sampling frequency Number of quantization bits Number of channels Bit rate Comments
48 kHz 16 16 2 1,536 kbps
44.1 kHz 16 16 2 1,411.2 kbps Music CD
32 kHz 16 16 2 1,024 kbps
24 kHz 16 16 2 768 kbps
22.05 kHz 16 16 2 705.6 kbps
16-bit monaural PCM bit rate (for audio) (example)
Sampling frequency Number of quantization bits Number of channels Bit rate Comments
32 kHz 16 16 1 512 kbps Super Wide Band
24 kHz 16 16 1 384 kbps
16 kHz 16 16 1 256 kbps Broadband
8 kHz 16 16 1 128 kbps Narrowband

Sampling rate
If you check the web, there are explanations like the sampling required to convert analog waveforms to digital conversion. For example, it shows how many samples of an audio signal input from a microphone are taken per second and digitized. The larger the sample, the greater the range that can be recorded. When an analog waveform is digitized, the frequency that can be expressed is half the sampling frequency (sampling theorem). For example, with a sampling frequency of 48 kHz, it is possible to express up to 24 kHz. At 8 kHz (narrow band) and 16 kHz (wide band), which are often used for audio, you can only hear up to 4 kHz and 8 kHz, respectively. The higher the sample rate, the higher the bit rate.

Sampling theorem
It is a very simple explanation, but it can express up to half the sample rate. When sampling a signal, if the interval is small, it can be restored close to the original signal, but if it is too thick, it cannot be restored (I would like to write a little more detail when talking about signal processing or other time).

44.1 kHz
Why is the rate of 44.1 adopted, which is not well separated? .. ..
Isn’t the technician deliberately wearing a pesky watch to prevent music CDs from being easily copied? I heard something like that. When I searched, it seems this happened (?) Due to the convenience of an old PCM recorder. In this age, it is difficult to know what 44.1 kHz is in development. 44.1 kHz sampling conversion

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Sampling theorem

It is a very simple explanation, but it can express up to half the sample rate.

When sampling a signal, if the interval is small, it can be restored close to the original signal, but if it is too thick, it cannot be restored (I would like to write a little more detail when talking about signal processing or other time).

44.1 kHz
Why is the rate of 44.1 adopted, which is not well separated? .. ..
Isn’t the technician deliberately wearing a pesky watch to prevent music CDs from being easily copied? I heard something like that. When I searched, it seems this happened (?) Due to the convenience of an old PCM recorder. In this age, it is difficult to know what 44.1 kHz is in development. The 44.1 kHz ↔ 48 kHz sampling conversion is a headache. For example, USB audio (USB audio device class) exchanges data at 1 ms intervals. In the case of 48kHz, the data is 48 samples, but when considering 44.1kHz, it will be 44 samples (x9) and 45 samples (x1) in 10ms. If you cheat on a sample when there are 45 samples (tentatively), it will be 44.0kHz. I think it’s more like that with voice and music, and I think the human ear is mostly misleading (it’s just my personal opinion).
However, with an objective evaluation method, it will soon come to light. For example, you can see that you were clearly fooled by a sine wave (sine wave) (maybe you are unexpectedly on the market).

Number of quantization bits
The sampling had to take a value in the direction of time (discretization), but the quantization had to take a value in the direction of amplitude. The range that it is possible to display the volume of the sound, which is often heard, “96 dB dynamic range” means that the number of quantization bits is 16 bits, and the music signal is played in the range of 0 to 65535. I can do it. The number of quantization bits is also called the bit depth or bit depth.

Bitrate
In communication, it indicates how many bits of data are transferred per hour and is generally expressed in bps (bit / s) of how many bits are transferred (processed) per second. If it is low, the size when saving as a file is small and there is space on the transmission line for communication. For example, when an audio (1 channel) is compressed to 1/3, the 3 channel audio can be sent at the same bit rate. Excuse the old story, but considering the age of analog communication (analog cell phones), digitizing + compression will support multiple calls with the same radio waves.

Finally
I often hear what is called Hi-Res Audio. The sampling frequency is said to be 96 kHz or 192 kHz, which is above 48 kHz, the number of quantization bits is 24 bits, and the limit (high range) of human hearing is about 20 kHz, but it expresses frequencies higher than that. It will be. It is the same bit rate as the image from a long time ago. .. ..
By the way, it seems that dogs can hear up to 60 kHz and cats up to about 64 kHz.

Frequency used for audio (sample rate, PCM, DSD, etc.) Part 2

LRCLK

I explained that the LRCLK that came out earlier is a signal that distinguishes between L and R. In the I2S format regulations, the signal level is specified as L channel for 0V (low) and R channel for high.

Let’s take a look at the LRCLK waveform that actually corresponds to the sample rate.

image049

LRCLK 44.1KHz CD Playback

image051

LRCLK 96KHz LPCM 96 kHz playback

image053

LRCLK 192 KHz LPCM 192 KHz playback

image055

LRCLK 384 kHz LPCM 384kHz playback

Therefore, the sample rate matches LRCLK. COMBO384 supports LPCM maximum sample rate up to 384KHz.

7. BCLK

It is sometimes referred to simply as CLK, commonly referred to as a bit clock, and is the reference clock for reading 32 bits. So 32 times the sample rate and 64 times the LR channel frequency combined.

It will be the second frequency in the frequency calculation above. In the case of 44.1 KHz, it will be 2.8224 MHz.

Let’s take a look at the actual BCLK.

image035

BCLK 2.8224MHz CD 44.1 kHz

image037

BCLK 6.144MHz LPCM 96 kHz

image039

BCLK 12.288MHz LPCM 192 KHz

image041

BCLK 24.5760MHz LPCM 384kHz

This BCLK is also issued during DSD.

image045

DSD64 2.8224 MHz

image043
DSD128 5.6448 MHz

image047

DSD256 11.2896 MHz

It is often mentioned that it supports 11.2MHz in the introduction of DSD, but to be exact, it is this frequency.

The waveform is not square because the oscilloscope has a low frequency bandwidth. It is actually a square wave.

How was it?

Did you understand the frequencies used for the audio?

I think you can see audio frequencies in various situations, but if you remember that this frequency meant something like this, I think you may feel more familiar with digital audio.

In Marz, this DSD256 (11.2896MHz above) LPCM is 384KHz sells an amplifier equipped with a COMBO384 corresponding to.

Since it supports high sample rates, it can play high-resolution music.

Amplifier kit equipped with USB-DAC

・ Integrated Stereo Amplifier LV-2.0 PREMIUM Kit [LV2-KIT-PREMIUM]

USB-DAC module (with COMBO384)

・ LV-2.0 USB DAC Board Module Finished Product [LV2-USBDACM]

What are digital and analog connections?

I will explain the difference between them

Hi, I’m Yamakawa from FunLogy. Previous article [What are passive speakers and active speakers? Differences and benefits] Have you enjoyed it?

When you buy a speaker, you will notice that there is a digital connection and an analog connection to connect speakers. What is the difference between the two connections?

In addition, there are several types of terminals that connect to audio, such as speakers. In this article I will explain the role of these terminals and the points to take into account when connecting them.

Table of Contents

Types of connection terminals

1. Audio output terminal

2. Data transfer terminal

3. Network connection terminal

Types of connection terminals
Diagram of three types of connections.

There are three types of terminals that are used for the speakers.

1. Audio output terminal
2. Data transfer terminal
3. Network connection terminal

If you used to use audio, you only need to connect it to analog, so if you only understand the audio output terminal, there was no problem.

However, recent audio is connected to televisions, PCs, networks, etc., so the types of terminals are increasing and the audio connections become more complicated. I will explain each function to deepen your understanding of those terminals.

1. Audio output terminal

There are two types of audio output terminals: analog connection terminals and digital connection terminals. I will explain the characteristics and types of each terminal.

We will also introduce the advantages and disadvantages of analog connection terminals and digital connection terminals, so try the connection method that suits you best.

1-1. Characteristics and types of analog connection terminals
handset

The analog terminal is a terminal that is also used for commonly viewed headphones.
Since it is widely distributed, it has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to obtain. Recently, audio products using many types of analog terminals are being sold in 100 yen stores and massive home electronics retailers.

On the other hand, the disadvantage of the analog terminal connection is that it is vulnerable to noise. The cause of the noise is the heat and vibration of the connected device, but when connecting to a personal computer that is prone to such noise, if you connect the analog terminal, you will be concerned about “sir” noise. end up.

Therefore, when connecting an analog terminal to a personal computer, it is desirable to take countermeasures against noise, such as using a device that once converts the analog connection to a digital connection.

When connecting audio to analog, there are two types of terminals: RCA terminal and telephone terminal. I will explain about the two terminals.

RCA terminal
Red and white wire

RCA terminals are also called pin terminals or pin connectors. Generally, it has two colored terminals, red and white. This color makes sense and each channel is assigned.
The speakers have L and R, but R is set to have the same acronym as Red. Therefore, the white becomes L. Be careful not to connect backwards.

Phone jack

The telephone jack is a terminal often used for headphones and earphones. Unlike the RCA terminal, this terminal is generally a stereo phone. So you don’t have to worry about LR connections, but keep in mind that phone jacks come in different sizes.

There are standard 6.3mm phone terminals, 3.5mm mini plug terminals, and 2.5mm micro mini terminals. It is not possible to connect to terminals of different sizes, so be careful of the size of the terminals when making connections.

1-2. Characteristics and types of digital connection terminals
The digital terminal is used to receive the digital output from the player or the digital signal from the TV. The merit of the digital connection terminal is that the optical signal is transmitted and received by an optical cable, so there is less noise and deterioration when transmitting the signal, and the sound quality is superior to that of the analog connection.

On the other hand, the number of speakers that support digital connection is small, and there is the disadvantage that it tends to be more expensive than speakers that only have analog connection.
It is a drawback that even in massive home electronics retailers, there are only a few products on the shelves, or it can be difficult to compare products because you cannot see the real products unless you go to a

How different is the sound quality of Dolby TrueHD and Dolby Digital?

This changes quite a bit. A level that even people who are not interested in sound can understand.

In a way, TrueHD sounds more like a movie theater!
The comments are kind and amateurish, but the frank impression is that they really make a good sound, and I think this is very important.

In surround sound, the connection between the speakers becomes fluid.

In other words, the existence of surround sound speakers disappears.

For example, in the opening scene of Mad Max, several lines are whispered in the brain like hallucinations.

When listening to this with Dolby Digital Plus, I sometimes feel like the sound is coming from the surround right speaker in the whisper on the back right.

When this happens, the environment of the film returns to reality and you wake up.

On the other hand, in the case of Dolby TrueHD, the configuration of the 5.1ch system and the AV amplifier is exactly the same, but you can get solid surround sound.

This difference is quite large.

You can feel comfortable in the world around you.

Also, if you use other expressions, the density of the sound is different. There is a heavy sound with a core.

Gyun in the scene where Mad Max’s engine turns! It is TrueHD that the sound echoes to the internal organs.

By the way, this Gyun! When playing in Atmos, the ceiling speaker makes a screeching noise.

Ceiling speakers do not sound
Doesn’t the ceiling speaker sound too much? [The truth of Atmos]
While playing a movie in Dolby Atmos, there are surprisingly many times when there is no reaction, even if you put your ears close to the ceiling (top speaker) or touch the speaker. …
This is not because there is deep bass, but because the sound does not bleed and the freshness is high, the sound is in focus, and the original sound of the production intent is synthesized and reproduced correctly.

On the other hand, it is undeniable that Dolby Digital has a slightly fuzzy sound.

But this is a special environment. It’s hard to feel it alone when switching to TrueHD immediately after listening with Dolby Digital Plus.

It’s a difference that you can’t tell even if you do some other work and listen to it 15 minutes later.

Also, Mad Max sounds good right from the start. It is even used in manufacturers’ listening booths.

Yodobashi Camera Multimedia Akiba
[In Tokyo] I went to find a store where I could listen to the sound of a home theater!
Where is the store where you can hear the sound of the latest home theater system? What happens when you visit a store? I want to know that …
That’s why Dolby Digital Plus is pretty good, making it awkward to judge (laughs).

Eigako eigako
To be honest, I didn’t say I made a mistake …
Kurokawa Kurokawa
Actually … I also recorded a video, but I’m not sure because the recording is a smartphone, which is ridiculous quality! sorry!
Eigako eigako
This YouTube video is the worst (laughs)
It may be possible to make a slight judgment even on the level rude to the reader … It is fatal that the volume is different

However, I was able to confirm that Dolby Digital ⇒ Plus ⇒ TrueHD will gradually improve.

This conclusion

For lovers of surround sound, the difference between Dolby Digital Plus and TrueHD is quite large.

If ordinary people prefer to hear the best surround sound with a 30,000 yen system, I think a home theater that plays 5.1ch Blu-ray or 7.1ch Dolby TrueHD is the best.

How different is the sound quality of Dolby TrueHD and Dolby Digital?

The audio format for enjoying a Blu-ray home theater is Dolby TrueHD (including Atmos).

If you want to enjoy a home theater with a subscription service (monthly video distribution), I think it is Dolby Digital Plus (E-AC-3) or Dolby Digital (AC-3).

So this time

⭐ Dolby TrueHD (Blu-ray)

⭐ Dolby Digital Plus (Netflix and Amazon Prime Video audio distribution)

⭐ Dolby Digital (standard sound used on 5.1ch DVD)

I am going to compare the same work with different audio formats.

Well,

Of course, Dolby TrueHD is lossless in terms of specifications (compressed audio, but returns to the original data during playback), so there is no deterioration in the sound and the sound quality is high.

It is not interesting to compare them numerically, and you can find out by examining them.

I’ll tell you that I felt this way auditory … ✨

The software I chose to compare it to hearing is impressive with powerful surround sound ⬇️

Warner Home Video

Mad Max: Fury Road [Blu-ray]

See on Amazon
View at Rakuten Ichiba

Dolby TrueHD and Dolby Digital hearing comparison environment
ITU-R 5.1 channel
First, they are all unified for true 5.1 channel surround sound.

I’ll do it in a room like this.

It is a super discount system with a total of approximately 30,000 yen, including used ones.

You can fully enjoy the movie even with 5.1 channels of such ordinary people if you adjust the demon.

Details ⬇️

[Dream Home Theater] A Complete Guide to Enjoying NETFLIX and Amazon Prime Video in 5.1ch Surround Sound
* How about the amount of money if you have used it? … Do you feel that your dreams are suddenly getting closer to reality when they tell you the amount of money? …
Dolby TrueHD plays Blu-ray discs on Blu-ray players.

Dolby Digital Plus plays Fire TV Stick 4K directly to AV amplifier on Netflix ⬇️

Do you know what the Fire TV Stick is? It is in the middle.
When buying an HDMI cable, it is easier to understand the connection if you buy a connector with a different color as shown in the picture.

If supported by the Netflix Mad Max 👆 system, the 5.1 screen will display correctly
Dolby Digital connects to an AV amplifier from a desktop computer with a coaxial digital cable and plays with the Windows 10 Netflix app 👇

This is hard to understand, but because it is a personal computer with no HDMI output, it is coaxial digital …
Dolby Digital Plus can only be sent with HDMI ver1.3 or higher, so it will be Dolby Digital.
Well, does my house have three surround formats? You can try (codec).

Suddenly the difference in sound quality between Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus is quite small …

It seems that Dolby Digital Plus is an extension of Dolby Digital, and the difference is small.

About “good sound” and “good sound standard” Part 3

Not necessarily bad.

… With this flow, it seems like a story like “Don’t be fooled by such prejudice!” .

However, since music is something that humans enjoy, I think there is no problem for people to “enjoy” music in the end.

… However, at least on the side of “playing” music, I would like to have other criteria of judgment based on the knowledge of this area.

A point of view that can be used as a standard for “good sound”.
So what are the views that can be used as a standard for “good sound”?

These are some of the things I can think of.

Rich tones

(The piano sound is seen with a spectrum analyzer. You can see multiple harmonics (thin parts of the mountain))
“Intonations” and is, when a sound sounded, the sound that comes out in resonance-assistant is.

All the “sounds” that exist in nature, including the sounds of musical instruments, are “sounds that are a mixture of various sounds.”

* Click here for more details ↓

Full comment! What is “harmonic”? ?? [Basics of music and music theory learned from scratch]
Whatever “how you relate to music”, like playing an instrument, composing or editing the voice, it is useful … but I will explain the “nuances” that are often overlooked in an easy to understand way.

khufrudamonotes.com
2020.03.02

Harmonics, Words and Body Culture Magazine

See on Amazon
View at Rakuten Ichiba
See on Yahoo! shopping

Sound quality is judged by the way this “overtone” sounds.

Compared to the same type of musical instrument, the “harmonic” sound that balances the shape of the sound and,
“Harmonic” is a sound that sounded a lot I think in many cases it is evaluated that it is “good sound” it will.

Frequency band balance
The human audible range is said to be 20Hz to 20000Hz, and the
Music is basically made using sounds in this range.

Especially when judging the sound quality of a song, I feel like a song that sounds well balanced is often said to sound good in
rather than one whose sound is skewed towards a specific area.

Of course, it depends on the genre and arrangement, so this is not always the case.
However, I basically judge the sound quality based on this standard when mixing.

S / N ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio and is, “Signal (signal) and noise is the ratio of (noise).”

When you turn up the volume of quiet music, do you sometimes hear the noise “Sir —“?

Basically that sound is a sound (noise) that is not originally necessary for music, isn’t it?

In other words, it appears that the one with the lowest possible noise component is considered “good sound”.

dynamic
I think that the dynamics mentioned earlier in the sound pressure war theme is also an element related to “good sound”.

A sound source that naturally hears the difference in volume between low and loud sounds in a song can be said to be a “better sound” than sound unnaturally compressed by the maximizer.

For example, in the performance of the orchestra
“the flute section is playing a person and the volume of the”,
“the whole orchestra section is playing the volume of”
Isn’t it funny as a musical expression that you were the same?

Due to the strong (dynamic) volume difference, performance will be sharpened.

However, some “rock and hard music has evolved from the direction of narrowing the dynamics, like” distorting the guitar “and giving it more power, so that the narrower the final dynamic, the more powerful it will be.” Some people seem to think.

However, now that loudness normalization is applied to all distribution platforms, I believe that “even rock and loud music must be mixed and mastered to ensure sufficient dynamics.”

This is because, “for each of the compression of the instrument part as a sound creation and”, “squash the dynamics of the entire sound source of the Morotomo sound completely different implications” does not appear to be a representation musically significant because.

If the sound pressure is adjusted to an appropriate level, the volume cannot be lowered from the platform side and dynamics can be ensured.

I think this video will be helpful too.

Consistency with trends

The sound arrangements also have trends of the time.

For example, many ’80s pop songs have a fairly deep reverb on the drums.

However, these songs are rarely seen these days.

Also, in recent years, a method called a subwoofer that mixes ultra-low-frequency sounds has become popular, producing b

About “good sound” and “good sound standard” Part 2

Volume bias

Humans tend to hear “good sound” when sound is loud.

For example, the sound of a live performance sounds great, doesn’t it?
Of course, there will be good performances and productions. However, simple loudness is also involved.

It can be said that this bias is also the cause of the “sound pressure war *”.

* What is sound pressure warfare?

Loudness War-Wikipedia

ja.wikipedia.org
There is a device called Maximizer that squashes the “dynamics (volume difference in a song)” and increases the “sound pressure (sense of volume of the whole song)”.

“Dynamics” is a necessary element for delicate musical expression.
However, it is difficult for the average listener (or even a musician?) To see the difference.

On the other hand, if you increase the sound pressure, it sounds easy to understand and eye-catching (= does it lead to sales?). So since
Maximizer was developed, the “sound pressure” of various songs has increased.

As a result, the streets were flooded with songs that lost their dynamics in exchange for sound pressure.

The word that ridiculed this trend is “Sound Pressure War (Loudness War)”.

Analysis of differences between songs from Showa VS Heisei Hit [Data analysis with Spotify API and Python]
I compared and analyzed the data of the songs included in the official Spotify playlists “Showa Pops” and “Heisei Pop History”! !! What’s the difference between Showa and Heisei’s hit songs? ??

khufrudamonotes.com
2021.02.26
However, in recent years on Youtube and Spotify, as an important delivery platform for loudness normalization (system to lower the sound source that was too high a sound pressure VOLUME forcibly) has been introduced.

↑ By the way, you can check how much the volume of the sound source uploaded to YouTube is controlled from “Detailed statistics” in the menu that appears by right clicking on the playback screen.

You can see that this song is automatically reduced to 64% of the original data.

(When I mixed this sound source, it was a transitional period where loudness normalization was extended, so I put it on a sound pressure level, but I think now was not a good decision.)

Therefore, it can be said that it makes no sense to increase the sound pressure for people now.

In fact, the loudness normalization gives the impression that the overall sound pressure war is a bit more subdued than it was at one point.

However, in the main music scene, there are still many songs set to high SPL.

(It seems to be due to simple ignorance or, in the case of Japan, the CD business is still half-way.)

About “good sound” and “good sound standard”

Musicians and music lovers often argue about “good sound” and “good sound standards”.

This time, it can be difficult to answer this question completely … Lol
However, I would like to introduce some information that may be a helpful line to think about.

First of all, there is no absolute rule for “good sound”
There should be no absolutely correct answer for “good sound”.

… That is why it can be said that it is the history of history. smile

Super difficult problem! Music rating check! !!
There are a total of 5 questions that rate your ears. Those who can answer all the questions correctly are those with first-class ears. ??

① Implicit understanding that “good sound” = “high quality sound of musical instruments and equipment”

② However, the difference is not clear to anyone listening.

It is made up of elements.

(Indeed, “good sound” and the sound of “high-quality equipment and musical instruments if you’re out of it is a lot.
But, always, “the sound of high-end musical instruments and equipment” is “better sound” is not a.)

Human cognition is skewed
Bias means “prejudice” or “biased opinion”.

Human beings have a skewed perception in several parts.

If you look at handsome men and pretty women, the halo effect
that makes you look good on your personality and skills is famous for the car effect, which attracts more support for what’s in fashion.

And there is also a bias in the way you hear the sound.

Bias due to appearance and surrounding information.