How are audio file formats different and what does this mean for listeners?
Explanation of MP3, AAC, WMA, FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF and PCM
Most devices are capable of playing a wide variety of digital media formats out of the box, often without the need for software or firmware updates. If you flip through the product guide, you might be surprised how many different types there are.
What makes them different from each other? Should it be important to you?
Music file formats
When it comes to digital music, does the format really matter? Answer: it depends.
There are compressed and uncompressed audio files that may or may not have quality loss. Lossless files can be huge in size, but if you have enough storage space (such as a PC or laptop, network drive, media server, etc.) and have high-quality audio hardware, there are advantages to using without compress or lossless sound,
But if there isn’t enough space, like on smartphones, tablets, and portable players, or if you plan to use basic headphones or speakers, then all you need are smaller compressed files.
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So how do you choose? Here is a breakdown of common format types, some of their important features, and the reasons why you should use them.
-MP3: Developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), an organization that develops standards for encoded video and audio programs, MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Layer 3 (MP3) is perhaps the most common type of audio file and compatible.
MP3 is a lossy and compressed audio format with a bit rate ranging from 8 kbps to a maximum of 320 kbps and a sampling frequency of 16 kHz to a maximum of 48 kHz. Smaller MP3 file sizes mean faster file transfers and less space used, but at the cost of slightly lower audio quality than lossless file formats.
-AAC: Popular on Apple iTunes, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is similar to MP3, but has an added benefit:
-AAC is a lossy compressed audio and audio format, with bit rates ranging from 8 kbps to a maximum of 320 kbps, and sampling rates from 8 kHz to a maximum, with the correct encoding process, 96 kHz.
AAC files can offer the same audio quality as MP3 and take up less space. ACC also supports up to 48 channels, while most MP3 files can only handle two. AAC is widely compatible with, among others, iOS, Android, and portable gaming devices.
-WMA. Developed by Microsoft as a competitor to MP3, Windows Media Audio files offer similar but proprietary capabilities. Standard WMA is a lossy and compressed audio format, although newer standalone versions with more advanced codecs may offer a lossless option.
While many types of portable and home entertainment media players support WMA files by default, only some mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, support it. Many require downloading a compatible application to play WMA audio, which can make it less convenient than MP3 or AAC.
-FLAC. Developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation, the free lossless audio codec (FLAC) is very attractive due to its free license and open format.
-FLAC is a lossless, compressed audio format with file quality up to 32-bit / 96 kHz (for comparison, CD is 16-bit / 44.1 kHz). FLAC has the advantage of a reduced file size (approximately 30-40 percent smaller than the original data) without the need to sacrifice sound quality, making it ideal for digital archiving (that is, using it as master copy to create compressed / lost files for general listening).
-ALAC: Apple’s version of FLAC, Apple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC), shares FLAC in terms of sound quality and file size.
-ALAC is a lossless compressed audio format. It is also fully compatible with iOS and iTunes devices, although FLAC may not be supported. As such, ALAC is the most used by those who use Apple products.
-WAV: Waveform audio file format, also developed by Microsoft, is a standard for Windows-based systems and is compatible with various software applications.
