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Mp3 is still the best audio format

Mp3 Audio

MP3, the king of music formats, has retired from the stage of history and been replaced by AAC. What is the origin?

Even someone who knows nothing about audio encoding may not have listened to MP3.

This audio format emerged in the 1990s. For most post-80s and post-90s generations, having an MP3 player capable of playing this audio format is one of the best childhood memories.

But now it’s time to say goodbye to MP3s. Recently Fraunhofer IIS, which invented this audio format, announced that it had rescinded some patents related to MP3 and officially took it off the stage of history.

Furthermore, Matthias Rose, director of the institute, said:

The Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format has become the standard for mobile music and video downloads. This format is more efficient, more functional, and has a lower bit rate than MP3, and is used in both broadcast TV and radio to deliver high-quality audio.

This means that Fraunhofer IIS wants to replace MP3 with the AAC format below.

How did MP3 become the king of music formats?
There are generally two main types of audio file formats, one is a lossless compressed data format and the other is a lossy compressed data format.

MP3 is the most popular digital audio encoding and lossy compression format, and is supported by almost all terminals and software.

The birth of MP3, but also for 30 years. In 1987, Fraunhofer IIS in Germany began the development of the music compression format. They spent 4 years to improve the algorithm and sound quality, and finally developed this very advanced lossy compression audio format in 1993 and determined the extension .mp3.

The purpose of developing this audio compression technology is to greatly reduce the amount of audio data. Knowing that hard drives at the time were relatively small (like 500 MB), compressing all compressible data was essential for any computer user.

How does Fraunhofer IIS do it? During the invention of MP3, developers studied psychoacoustics and determined that some of the audio data is not important to the human ear. MP3 achieves the purpose of compressing the file size by discarding this part of the data, and can successfully compress the audio file to 1/10 of the original size.

After that, from the first half of 1995 to the end of the 1990s, MP3 began to flourish on the Internet. The “much smaller file but also good sounding” MP3 began its era of dominating audio formats. There were even many people at the time who believed that all digital music files were MP3s.

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Mp3, what exactly is an mp3?

MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format for digital audio.

Originally defined as the third audio format of the MPEG-1 standard, it has been maintained and expanded to define additional bit rates and support more channels of audio as the third audio format of the upcoming MPEG-2 standard. A third version, known as MPEG 2.5, improved to better support lower bit rates, is commonly implemented, but is not a recognized standard.

MP3 (or mp3) as a file format generally refers to files that contain the elementary MPEG-1 data stream for audio and video, without the other complexities of the MP3 standard.

In the audio compression aspects of MP3, the most obvious standard aspect to end users (and the one best known for) is MP3 which uses lossy data compression to encode data using imprecise approximations and partial data discarding. This allows the file size to be significantly reduced compared to uncompressed audio. The combination of small size and acceptable fidelity led to a boom in music distribution over the Internet in the mid to late 1990s, as a provider technology when bandwidth and storage were still at their peak. The MP3 format was soon associated with controversy surrounding copyright infringement, music piracy, MP3.com and Napster ripping / sharing services, and others. With the advent of portable media players, a product category that includes smartphones,

MP3 compression works by reducing (or approximating) the precision of certain audio components that are believed to be superior to the hearing capacity of most people. This technique is commonly known as perceptual coding or psychoacoustic simulation. The remaining audio information is then recorded in a cost effective manner. Compared to the digital audio quality of a CD, MP3 compression can typically achieve a 75-95% reduction. For example, an MP3 encoded at a constant 128 kbps bit rate would result in a file approximately 9% the size of the original audio CD.

Also, designed as a broadcast format, broadcast segments can be lost without compromising the ability to decode subsequent segments.

MP3 was developed by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) within the MPEG-1 and later MPEG-2 standards. The first audio subgroup was made up of various engineering teams from CCETT, Matsushita, Philips, Sony, AT & T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, and others. MPEG-1 Audio (MPEG-1 Part 3), which includes MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III was approved as a draft of the ISO / IEC committee in 1991, finalized in 1992 and published in 1993 as ISO / IEC 11172 -3: 1993. In 1995, the opposite was published. an extension compatible with MPEG-2 Audio (MPEG-2 Part 3) with a lower bit rate and bit rate than ISO / IEC 13818-3: 1995.

Standardization
In 1991, two proposals were submitted and evaluated for the MPEG audio standard: MUSICAM (universal universal coding adapted to mask and subband multiplexing) and ASPEC (adaptive spectral perception of entropy coding). As proposed by the Dutch Philips corporation, the French research institute CCETT, and the German standards institute Broadcast Technology, MUSICAM was chosen for its simplicity and error reliability, as well as its high level of computational efficiency The MUSICAM format, based on Subband encoding became the basis for the MPEG Audio compression format, including, for example, its frame structure, header format, sample rate, etc.

Although most of the MUSICAM technologies and ideas were included in the definition of MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II, only the filter bank and data structure based on 1152 frame samples (file format and stream-oriented bytes) of MUSICAM remained in Layer III (MP3). as part of a computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musman from the University of Hannover, the edition of the standard was delivered to the Dutch Leon van de Kerhof, the German Gerhard Stoll, the Frenchman Yves-François Deri who works on levels I and II. ASPEC was a joint offering from AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society, and CNET. This ensured maximum encoding efficiency.