Video encoding
Video information (video) is a three-dimensional array of colored pixels, the coordinates of which are the horizontal and vertical resolution of the frame and the time with which a single frame is associated.
A frame (image) is an array of pixel values as viewed by the camera at any given time.
There is the concept of a half frame, which is associated with “interlaced scan”. It is clear that the volume of the video is extremely large. For its storage and transmission through communication channels, compression is performed, which has a number of characteristics: blockiness (division of the image into 8 × 8 pixel blocks), blur (loss of small details of the image), etc.
There are several video compression technologies. Modern digital television transmission became available precisely thanks to video compression, a physical radio channel can transmit high-definition video (HDTV), several TV channels simultaneously. Most of the video content is transmitted using the MPEG-2 video compression standard. Newer and more efficient video compression standards: H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC and VC-1. One of the most powerful technologies for increasing the compression ratio is motion compensation technology, in which subsequent frames in a sequence use the similarity of areas in previous frames to increase the compression ratio. For example, discrete cosine transform (DCT) video compression that eliminates spatial redundancy requires specifying a quantization process. Quantization can be scalar and vector, most practical compression schemes use scalar quantization due to its simplicity.
