{"id":671,"date":"2019-10-04T20:05:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-04T20:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/?p=671"},"modified":"2019-10-04T20:05:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-04T20:05:41","slug":"digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital audio: a simple but deep explanation about the PCM format Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#PCM_format\" >PCM format<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#Pulse_code_modulation\" >Pulse code modulation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#PCM_History\" >PCM History<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#PCM_sound_vocabulary\" >PCM sound vocabulary<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#PCM_quantification\" >PCM quantification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/#New_horizons_for_the_PCM\" >New horizons for the PCM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCM_format\"><\/span>PCM format<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Digital audio has a certain age. In 1937 the scientist Alec Reeves invented the PCM (pulse-code modulation) format, however it took some years to commercially use it. It was a Japanese company, known as Denon, in the 60s that began to use it. Until finally the first commercial digital recording came out in 1971.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vol36_Sep08_ThinkingDigitally-graph1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-619\" src=\"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vol36_Sep08_ThinkingDigitally-graph1-300x170.jpg\" alt=\"PCM\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vol36_Sep08_ThinkingDigitally-graph1-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vol36_Sep08_ThinkingDigitally-graph1.jpg 405w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The BBC was also experimenting with digital audio in the 1960s, developing a 2-channel recorder in the early 1970s. In 1972, it launched an audio transmission system that connected its broadcast center with the remote transmission stations. Later in the US, in 1976, the first 16-bit PCM recorder, manufactured by Thomas Stockham, was launched.<\/p>\n<p>Finally in the 80s, with the help of Sony and Mitsubishi, digital audio recording had become popular among music companies. This led to the introduction of the CD as a physical digital storage format in 1982.<\/p>\n<p>The act of converting analog sound into digital sound is the basis for digital audio. This reproduces the sound through the use of digital signals, which are much easier to work, since they can be corrected without losing quality and in fact they may sound better. Digital audio has been part of the music recording industry since the 1970s despite the existence of experimental recordings from the 1960s. The typical digital audio format is PCM or sound pulse code modulation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pulse_code_modulation\"><\/span>Pulse code modulation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pulse code modulation (PCM) represents analog signals in digital format. PCM is the standard for audio in computers and is used in the audio CD format, too. The audio CD format is referred to as &#8220;red-book&#8221; and is owned by Royal Philips Electronics, Inc., known simply as Philips, and must be authorized by them in order to be used. Quantified in numerical code, typically binary, the PCM begins as analog signals sampled for magnitude and then converted.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCM_History\"><\/span>PCM History<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In 1939, the PCM was originally derived as a method for sending digital signals through analog systems. It was subsequently verified that the method worked well in reverse (sending analog signals through digital systems). It was the Canadians who, in 1949, produced the first PCM radio. The first use of the PCM came through the telegraph systems. Today, PCM is used to encode audio bit streams.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/los-formatos-de-video-mas-livianos-para-transmitir-por-internet-01-e1479927827164.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-570\" src=\"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/los-formatos-de-video-mas-livianos-para-transmitir-por-internet-01-e1479927827164-300x193.jpg\" alt=\"PCM\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/los-formatos-de-video-mas-livianos-para-transmitir-por-internet-01-e1479927827164-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/los-formatos-de-video-mas-livianos-para-transmitir-por-internet-01-e1479927827164-768x493.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/los-formatos-de-video-mas-livianos-para-transmitir-por-internet-01-e1479927827164.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCM_sound_vocabulary\"><\/span>PCM sound vocabulary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The vocabulary used in the description of PCM varies according to the quantification techniques used. Here are some of the most common terms: Pulse: they are the electrical transmission pulses; Modulation: it is the process of varying the characteristics of the signals in order to transmit the information; Demodulation: output production, or data, from the modulation process; Sampling: reduction of a continuous signal to a discrete signal that results in a set of values \u200b\u200bbased on a point in time.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCM_quantification\"><\/span>PCM quantification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The methods to achieve PCM vary depending on quantization or signal processing. Quantification techniques are based on mathematical processes such as logarithmic, linear and adaptive. Each controls the signal processing according to its own set of rules. In audio, an uncompressed process of a linear signal is used. Sampling rates for audio vary for CDs and for audio programming. Higher bandwidth means higher sampling rates. Telephony has a lower bandwidth rate and uses a non-linear signal process.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_horizons_for_the_PCM\"><\/span>New horizons for the PCM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Video formats do not usually use PCM soundtracks due to the need for high bit rates, so you will not see PCM used for formats such as DVD or DVR. However, the blu-ray format will occasionally be able to support a full PCM soundtrack. This will depend on the length and size of the soundtrack.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PCM format Digital audio has a certain age. In 1937 the scientist Alec Reeves invented the PCM (pulse-code modulation) format, however it took some years to commercially use it. It was a Japanese company, known as Denon, in the 60s that began to use it. Until finally the first commercial digital recording came out in &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Digital audio: a simple but deep explanation about the PCM format Part 2&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[257],"tags":[16664,16671,16670,16678,16683,16686,16679,16666,16677,16665,16517,16516,16529,16612,16540,16638,16533,16613,16680,16682,16684,16685,16530,16654,16488,16553,16552,16557,16558,16642,16567,16575,16573,16576,16574,16568,16569,16572,16571,16589,16588,16520,16597,16598,16608,16606,16607,16609,16610,16663,16668,16669,16676,16681,16672,16532,16662,16667,16472,16477,16481,16479,16483,16482,16478,16480,16476,16492,16491,16490,16493,16489,16495,16469,16498,16554,16470,16500,16502,16499,16501,16510,16503,16507,16506,16504,16509,16508,16505,16514,16511,16515,16512,16513,16471,16523,16519,16522,16526,16590,16467,16525,16521,16652,16524,16527,16528,16537,16534,16535,16536,16544,16543,16546,16545,16542,16541,16551,16550,16555,16556,16531,16562,16560,16559,16561,16563,16578,16570,16518,16579,16577,16581,16582,16585,16583,16584,16614,16594,16596,16593,16591,16592,16587,16468,16595,16604,16605,16474,16602,16601,16600,16603,16599,16611,16618,16617,16624,16626,16641,16673,16628,16627,16625,16636,16634,16633,16631,16632,16637,16630,16635,16473,16639,16640,16645,16646,16647,16475,16586,16622,16649,16651,16648,16650,16655,16659,16660,16497,16494,16496,16653,16538,16549,16547,16548,16566,16564,16565,16619,16621,16620,16674,16580,16661,16675,16615,16616,16623,16644,16643,16487,16484,16485,16486,16539,16629,16658,16656,16657],"class_list":["post-671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio-normalizer","tag-16-bit-pcm-audio","tag-2-channel-pcm-audio","tag-2ch-pcm-audio","tag-48khz-pcm-audio","tag-8-bit-pcm-audio","tag-8-channel-pcm-audio","tag-apple-tv-4-pcm-audio","tag-audio-pcm-44100hz-stereo-1411kbps","tag-audio-pcm-48","tag-audio-pcm-48000hz-stereo-1536kbps","tag-audio-pcm-embedded","tag-audio-pcm-endianness","tag-audio-pcm-graph","tag-audio-pcm-que-significa","tag-audio-pcm-spdif-hdmi","tag-audio-pcm-tv-lg","tag-audio-to-pcm","tag-audio-pcm-qt","tag-crate-pro-audio-pcm-6","tag-crate-pro-audio-pcm-8","tag-crate-pro-audio-pcm-8dlx","tag-file-audio-pcm-8khz-16bit-mono","tag-gstreamer-pcm-audio","tag-how-does-pcm-audio-work","tag-is-pcm-a-audio-codec","tag-java-pcm-audio","tag-javascript-pcm-audio","tag-kein-pcm-audio-signal","tag-kodek-pcm-audio","tag-linear-pcm-uncompressed-audio","tag-lpcm-audio","tag-lpcm-audio-codec","tag-lpcm-audio-converter","tag-lpcm-audio-download","tag-lpcm-audio-meaning","tag-lpcm-audio-sharp-tv","tag-lpcm-audio-vs-dolby-digital","tag-lpcm-audio-vs-dts","tag-lpcm-audio-vs-mp3","tag-node-pcm-audio","tag-non-pcm-audio","tag-o-que-e-audio-pcm","tag-o-que-e-pcm-audio","tag-o-que-significa-audio-pcm","tag-p-audio-pcm","tag-p-audio-pcm-series","tag-p-audio-pcm-1844","tag-p-audio-pcm-pi-1844","tag-p-audio-pcm-1818","tag-pcm-16-audio","tag-pcm-2-0-audio","tag-pcm-2-1-audio","tag-pcm-3-bluetooth-audio","tag-pcm-7-1-audio","tag-pcm-audio-32-bit-codec","tag-pcm-audio-gom","tag-pcm-audio-16-bit","tag-pcm-audio-24-bit","tag-pcm-audio-5-1","tag-pcm-audio-adalah","tag-pcm-audio-adc","tag-pcm-audio-amplifier","tag-pcm-audio-amplitude","tag-pcm-audio-analyzer","tag-pcm-audio-android","tag-pcm-audio-arc","tag-pcm-audio-arduino","tag-pcm-audio-bandwidth","tag-pcm-audio-bitstream","tag-pcm-audio-blu-ray","tag-pcm-audio-bose","tag-pcm-audio-buffer","tag-pcm-audio-byte","tag-pcm-audio-cable","tag-pcm-audio-channels","tag-pcm-audio-co-to-jest","tag-pcm-audio-codec","tag-pcm-audio-codec-download","tag-pcm-audio-codec-windows-10","tag-pcm-audio-compression","tag-pcm-audio-converter-online","tag-pcm-audio-dac","tag-pcm-audio-data","tag-pcm-audio-data-format","tag-pcm-audio-decoder","tag-pcm-audio-delay","tag-pcm-audio-digital","tag-pcm-audio-dolby-digital","tag-pcm-audio-download","tag-pcm-audio-editor","tag-pcm-audio-encoding","tag-pcm-audio-espanol","tag-pcm-audio-example","tag-pcm-audio-explained","tag-pcm-audio-file","tag-pcm-audio-file-download","tag-pcm-audio-file-extension","tag-pcm-audio-file-format","tag-pcm-audio-file-sample","tag-pcm-audio-files-android","tag-pcm-audio-format","tag-pcm-audio-format-specification","tag-pcm-audio-format-vs-dolby-digital","tag-pcm-audio-format-wiki","tag-pcm-audio-full-form","tag-pcm-audio-gain","tag-pcm-audio-generator","tag-pcm-audio-harman-kardon","tag-pcm-audio-hdmi","tag-pcm-audio-header","tag-pcm-audio-high-pass-filter","tag-pcm-audio-i2s","tag-pcm-audio-ic","tag-pcm-audio-in-porsche","tag-pcm-audio-in-tv","tag-pcm-audio-input","tag-pcm-audio-interface","tag-pcm-audio-jack","tag-pcm-audio-js","tag-pcm-audio-kabel","tag-pcm-audio-konvertieren","tag-pcm-audio-la-gi","tag-pcm-audio-level","tag-pcm-audio-lg","tag-pcm-audio-linux","tag-pcm-audio-logo","tag-pcm-audio-lossless","tag-pcm-audio-mac","tag-pcm-audio-meaning","tag-pcm-audio-media-encoder","tag-pcm-audio-mixing","tag-pcm-audio-mode","tag-pcm-audio-mp3","tag-pcm-audio-m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This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Digital audio: a simple but deep explanation about the PCM format Part 2 - mp4gain.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PCM formatDigital audio has a certain age. In 1937 the scientist Alec Reeves invented the PCM (pulse-code modulation) format, however it took some years to commercially use it. It was a Japanese company, known as Denon, in the 60s that began to use it. Until finally the first commercial digital recording came out in 1971.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital audio: a simple but deep explanation about the PCM format Part 2 - mp4gain.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PCM formatDigital audio has a certain age. In 1937 the scientist Alec Reeves invented the PCM (pulse-code modulation) format, however it took some years to commercially use it. It was a Japanese company, known as Denon, in the 60s that began to use it. Until finally the first commercial digital recording came out in 1971.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/digital-audio-a-simple-but-deep-explanation-about-the-pcm-format-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"mp4gain.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mp4gain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-04T20:05:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Vol36_Sep08_ThinkingDigitally-graph1-300x170.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R. 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