![\"mp3](\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/images\/stories\/BabBag\/MP3\/fig1.png\")
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MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 encoding began as a digital audio broadcast (DAB) managed by Egon Meier-Engelen at the German Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (later known as Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, German Space Center). )draft.<\/p>\n
![\"mp3](\"https:\/\/ledgernote.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/temporal-masking.gif\")
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This project is funded by the European Union as a EUREKA research project, and its name is commonly known as EU-147. The study period for EU-147 was from 1987 to 1994.
\n2. By 1991, two proposals had emerged: Musicam (called Layer 2) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectrum Sensing Entropy Coding). The Musicam method proposed by Philips of the Netherlands, CCETT of France, and the Institut f\u00fcr Rundfunktechnik of Germany was chosen due to its simplicity, error robustness, and lower computational effort in high-quality compression. The Musicam format based on subband coding is a key factor in determining the MPEG audio compression format (sample rate, frame structure, header, sample points per frame). This technology and its design philosophy are fully integrated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I, II and later Layer III (MP3) formats. The standard was developed by Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II) under the auspices of Prof. Mussmann (University of Hannover).
\n3. A working group consisting of Leon Van de Kerkhof from the Netherlands, Gerhard Stoll from Germany, Yves-Fran\u00e7ois Dehery from France and Karlheinz Brandenburg from Germany absorbed design ideas from Musicam and ASPEC and added their own design ideas to develop an MP3. MP3 can achieve MP2 sound quality from 192 kbit\/s to 128 kbit\/s.
\n4. All of these algorithms eventually became part of the first group of MPEG standards, MPEG-1, in 1992, resulting in the international standard ISO\/IEC 11172-3 published in 1993. Further work on MPEG audio was eventually became part of the MPEG-2 standard, a second group of MPEG standards developed in 1994, officially known as ISO\/IEC 13818-3, first published in 1995.
\n5. The compression efficiency of the encoder is generally defined by the bit rate, because the compression rate depends on the number of bits (: in: bit depth) and the sampling rate of the input signal. However, there are often products that use CD parameters (44.1 kHz, two channels, 16 bits per channel, or 2×16 bits) as the compression ratio reference, and the compression ratio using this reference is usually higher, which which also shows that the compression ratio is very important for lossy compression problems.
\n6. Karlheinz Brandenburg used Suzanne Vega’s song Tom’s Diner on CD to test MP3 compression algorithms. This song is used because the song’s smooth and simple melody makes it easier to hear glitches in the compressed format during playback. Some jokingly refer to Suzanne Vega as “the mother of MP3”. Some more serious and critical audio extracts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion…) from the EBU V3\/SQAM reference CD are used by professional audio engineers to assess the subjective perceived quality of the MPEG audio format.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"