{"id":3686,"date":"2021-05-04T18:18:16","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T18:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/?p=3686"},"modified":"2021-05-04T18:18:16","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T18:18:16","slug":"audio-encoding-and-processing-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/audio-encoding-and-processing-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Audio encoding and processing"},"content":{"rendered":"

Audio encoding and processing<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Encoding\"<\/p>\n

Sound information.<\/p>\n

\"ENCODING\"<\/p>\n

Sound is a wave that travels through air, water, or other medium with a continuously changing intensity and frequency.<\/p>\n

A person perceives sound waves (air vibrations) with the help of hearing in the form of sound of different volume and pitch. The higher the intensity of the sound wave, the louder the sound, the higher the frequency of the wave, the higher the pitch of the sound<\/p>\n

The human ear perceives sound at a frequency of 20 vibrations per second (low sound) to 20,000 vibrations per second (high sound).<\/p>\n

A person can perceive sound in a wide range of intensities, in which the maximum intensity is 10 14 times greater than the minimum (one hundred thousand billion times). A special unit “decibel” (dbl) is used to measure the volume of sound (Table 5.1). Decreasing or increasing the volume of the sound by 10 dB corresponds to a decrease or increase in the intensity of the sound by 10 times.<\/p>\n

Table 5.1. Sound volume
\nSonar Volume in decibels
\nLower limit of human ear sensitivity 0
\nWhisper of Leaves 10
\nConversation 60
\nHorn 90
\nJet engine 120
\nPain threshold 140
\nSound time sampling. For a computer to process sound, a continuous audio signal must be converted to a discrete digital form using time sampling. A continuous sound wave is divided into separate small time sections, for each section a certain value of sound intensity is set.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the continuous dependence of the loudness of the sound at time A (t) is replaced by a discrete sequence of loudness levels.<\/p>\n

Sampling frequency.<\/p>\n

A microphone connected to the sound card is used to record analog sound and convert it to digital format. The quality of the digital sound obtained depends on the number of measurements of the sound volume level per unit time, that is, the sampling frequency. The more measurements that are made in 1 second (the higher the sampling frequency), the more accurately the “ladder” of the digital audio signal repeats the curve of the dialogue signal.<\/p>\n

The audio sample rate is the number of measurements of the volume of a sound in one second.<\/p>\n

The audio sample rate can range from 8000 to 48000 sound volume measurements per second.<\/p>\n

Audio encoding depth. Each “step” is assigned a specific value for the volume level of the sound. Loudness levels of sound can be viewed as a set of possible states N, for which a certain amount of information is needed to encode, which is called audio encoding depth.<\/p>\n

Audio encoding depth is the amount of information required to encode the discrete volume levels of digital audio.<\/p>\n

If the known encoding depth, the number of digital audio volume levels can be calculated using the formula N = 2 I. Let the sound encoding depth be 16 bit, then the number of sound volume levels is:<\/p>\n

N = 2 I = 2 16 = 65 536.<\/p>\n

During the encoding process, each sound volume level is assigned its own 16-bit binary code, the smallest sound level will correspond to the code 0000000000000000 and the highest, 1111111111111111.<\/p>\n

The quality of digitized sound. The higher the sound sampling frequency and depth, the better the digitized sound will sound. The lowest quality of digitized sound, corresponding to the quality of telephone communication, is obtained at a sampling rate of 8000 times per second, a sampling rate of 8 bits, and by recording an audio track (“mono” mode). The highest quality digitized audio, corresponding to the quality of an audio CD, is achieved with a sampling rate of 48,000 times per second, a sampling rate of 16 bits, and the recording of two audio tracks (“stereo” mode ).<\/p>\n

It should be remembered that the higher the quality of the digital sound, the greater the volume of information in the audio file. It is possible to estimate the information volume of a digital stereo sound file with a duration of 1 second with an average sound quality (16 bits, 24,000 measurements per second). To do this, the encoding depth must be multiplied by the number of measurements in 1 second and multiplied by 2 (stereo sound):<\/p>\n

16 bits \u00d7 24,000 \u00d7 2 = 768,000 bits = 96,000 bytes = 93.75 KB.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Audio encoding and processing Sound information. Sound is a wave that travels through air, water, or other medium with a continuously changing intensity and frequency. A person perceives sound waves (air vibrations) with the help of hearing in the form of sound of different volume and pitch. The higher the intensity of the sound wave, … Continue reading “Audio encoding and processing”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[45907,45908,60674,45813,45906,45798,45797,45796,45795,62300,45791,45805,45804,45880,45803,45790,45802,62301,45808,45811,45812,60657,45814,45809,45810,57338,45816,60659,45817,60660,45822,45823,45824,62302,45829,60663,60662,45831,45830,45825,45833,45787,45835,45834,60664,45840,62303,60665,45846,57341,45855,45793,45856,62304,45859,45872,57343,60670,62044,57344,45876,45881,62045,45885,57345,45794,45792,45788,45850,57346,45890,45789,45893,45819,47735,45897,57347,45860,45862,45848,45888,60671,45858,45894,45899,62305,23008,29703,45821,45892,45799,45800,60667,47733,45887,45900,45870,45871,62046,45827,45828,45867,45838,45836,45842,45843,45841,45845,45901,57339,45854,45861,45863,45864,45865,45869,45868,45875,45878,45883,45806,45896,60672,45895,45902,45903,45905],"class_list":["post-3686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio-video","tag-24-bit-audio-encoding","tag-32-bit-audio-encoding","tag-7-1-audio-encoding","tag-audio-cd-encoding","tag-audio-encoding-128kbps","tag-audio-encoding-aac","tag-audio-encoding-ac3","tag-audio-encoding-ac3-not-supported","tag-audio-encoding-algorithms","tag-audio-encoding-alternative","tag-audio-encoding-and-decoding","tag-audio-encoding-base64","tag-audio-encoding-benchmark","tag-audio-encoding-bit-rate","tag-audio-encoding-bit-rate-quality","tag-audio-encoding-bitrate","tag-audio-encoding-bitrate-android","tag-audio-encoding-book","tag-audio-encoding-channels","tag-audio-encoding-check","tag-audio-encoding-code","tag-audio-encoding-codecs","tag-audio-encoding-compression","tag-audio-encoding-conversion","tag-audio-encoding-converter","tag-audio-encoding-data","tag-audio-encoding-data-size","tag-audio-encoding-difference","tag-audio-encoding-dts","tag-audio-encoding-dts-ac3","tag-audio-encoding-eac3-not-supported","tag-audio-encoding-error","tag-audio-encoding-examples","tag-audio-encoding-explained","tag-audio-encoding-ffmpeg","tag-audio-encoding-file-format","tag-audio-encoding-files","tag-audio-encoding-flac","tag-audio-encoding-format-ac3-not-supported","tag-audio-encoding-format-eac3-not-supported","tag-audio-encoding-format-meaning","tag-audio-encoding-formats","tag-audio-encoding-g-726","tag-audio-encoding-g711ulaw","tag-audio-encoding-hardware","tag-audio-encoding-hikvision","tag-audio-encoding-in-ffmpeg","tag-audio-encoding-involves","tag-audio-encoding-ios","tag-audio-encoding-iphone","tag-audio-encoding-library","tag-audio-encoding-linear16","tag-audio-encoding-lossless","tag-audio-encoding-methods","tag-audio-encoding-mp2l2","tag-audio-encoding-pcm","tag-audio-encoding-pdf","tag-audio-encoding-podcast","tag-audio-encoding-podigee","tag-audio-encoding-python","tag-audio-encoding-quality","tag-audio-encoding-sample-rate","tag-audio-encoding-sampling","tag-audio-encoding-sampling-frequency","tag-audio-encoding-settings","tag-audio-encoding-software","tag-audio-encoding-standards","tag-audio-encoding-techniques","tag-audio-encoding-techniques-in-multimedia","tag-audio-encoding-time","tag-audio-encoding-transcoding","tag-audio-encoding-types","tag-audio-encoding-using-ffmpeg","tag-audio-encoding-vs-decoding","tag-audio-encoding-vs-format","tag-audio-encoding-wiki","tag-audio-encoding-youtube","tag-audio-format-encoding-mp4","tag-audio-format-mp3-encoding","tag-audio-input-encoding","tag-audio-steganography-encoding","tag-audio-text-encoding","tag-audio-ulaw-encoding","tag-audio-video-encoding","tag-audio-watermarking-encoding","tag-audio-webm-encoding","tag-best-audio-encoding-format","tag-digital-audio-encoding","tag-dolby-audio-encoding-utility","tag-dvd-flick-audio-encoding-takes-forever","tag-encoding-audio-and-video","tag-encoding-audio-and-video-bitesize","tag-encoding-audio-in-computer","tag-encoding-audio-over-ip","tag-encoding-audio-signal","tag-encoding-audio-with","tag-encoding-of-audio-signals","tag-encoding-on-audio","tag-encoding-using-audio","tag-esp32-audio-encoding","tag-ffmpeg-audio-encoding-example","tag-ffmpeg-audio-encoding-options","tag-gpu-audio-encoding","tag-gsm-audio-encoding","tag-handbrake-audio-encoding","tag-hdmi-audio-encoding","tag-hikvision-audio-encoding-type","tag-how-audio-encoding-works","tag-how-does-audio-encoding-work","tag-ivms-4200-audio-encoding-error","tag-java-audio-encoding","tag-lav-audio-matrix-encoding","tag-mp4-audio-encoding","tag-netflix-audio-encoding","tag-normal-audio-encoding","tag-obs-audio-encoding","tag-opus-audio-encoding","tag-perceptual-audio-encoding","tag-qt-audio-encoding","tag-record-audio-encoding","tag-set-audio-encoding-bitrate","tag-video-audio-encoding-settings","tag-vlc-audio-encoding","tag-voip-audio-encoding","tag-wav-audio-encoding","tag-webrtc-audio-encoding","tag-zoom-audio-encoding"],"yoast_head":"\nAudio 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