{"id":3027,"date":"2021-01-10T14:32:28","date_gmt":"2021-01-10T14:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/?p=3027"},"modified":"2021-01-10T14:32:28","modified_gmt":"2021-01-10T14:32:28","slug":"how-is-the-digital-representation-of-signals-different-from-analog-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/how-is-the-digital-representation-of-signals-different-from-analog-2\/","title":{"rendered":"How is the digital representation of signals different from analog?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>How is the digital representation of signals different from analog?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tutorialspoint.com\/digital_communication\/images\/necessity_of_digitization.jpg\" alt=\"Digital Communication - Analog to Digital - Tutorialspoint\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Traditional analog representation of signals is based on similarity<br \/>\n(similarity) electrical signals (changes in current and voltage)<br \/>\nthe initial signals they present (sound pressure, temperature,<br \/>\nspeed, etc.), as well as the similarity of the shapes of electrical signals in different<br \/>\npersonal points along the amplification or transmission path. Electric way<br \/>\nwhich curve describes (also called transfer) the original signal,<br \/>\nas close as possible to the waveform of this signal.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qph.fs.quoracdn.net\/main-qimg-bda4c8df4e83334340a8d1c8ac8c5064\" alt=\"What is the criteria for a signal to be a analog signal? - Quora\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This representation is the most accurate, yet the slightest distortion of the shape<br \/>\ncarrying an electrical signal will inevitably involve the same<br \/>\ndistortion of the shape and signal carried. In terms of information theory,<br \/>\nthe amount of information in the carrier signal is exactly equal to the amount<br \/>\ninformation in the original signal, and the electrical representation does not contain<br \/>\nthere is redundancy which could protect the carried signal from being<br \/>\nstorage, transmission and amplification.<\/p>\n<p>The digital representation of electrical signals is designed to add<br \/>\nredundancy that protects against the effects of parasitic interference. For this-<br \/>\nSerious restrictions are placed on the carrier electrical signal.<br \/>\n&#8211; its amplitude can take only two limit values \u200b\u200b- 0 and<br \/>\n1. The entire area of \u200b\u200bpossible amplitudes in this case is divided into three areas: the lower<br \/>\nny represents zero values, the upper represents ones and the intermediate<br \/>\nnaya is prohibited, only interference can enter.<br \/>\nTherefore, any interference whose amplitude is less than half the amplitude<br \/>\nwhere the carrier signal is, it does not affect the correct transmission<br \/>\nvalues \u200b\u200b0 and 1. Interference with a higher amplitude also does not affect<br \/>\nif the duration of the interference pulse is noticeably shorter than the duration<br \/>\ninformation pulse, and a filter is installed at the input of the receiver.<br \/>\npulse interference.<\/p>\n<p>The digital signal formed in this way can carry any<br \/>\nuseful information encoded as a sequence<br \/>\nbits: zeros and ones; special cases of such information are<br \/>\nelectrical and sound signals. Here, the amount of information carried<br \/>\ndigital signal is much more than encoded output<br \/>\nnom, so that the carrier signal has a certain redundancy with respect to<br \/>\noriginal, and any distortion of the waveform of the carrier signal, when<br \/>\nwhich still retains the receiver&#8217;s ability to correctly distinguish zeros<br \/>\nand the units do not affect the reliability of the information transmitted by this signal.<br \/>\nformations. However, in the case of significant interference, the waveform<br \/>\nmay be distorted so that the accurate transmission of the information carried<br \/>\nbecomes impossible: errors appear in it, which, with a simple<br \/>\nEncoding method, the receiver can not only correct, but also detect<br \/>\nto shoot.<\/p>\n<p>To further enhance the immunity of the digital signal to interference and usage<br \/>\nIt appears that redundant digital encoding of two types is used:<br \/>\ncorrect (EDC &#8211; Error Detection Code) and<br \/>\ncorrect (ECC &#8211; Error Correction Code)<br \/>\ncodes. Digital encoding consists of a simple addition to the original.<br \/>\nformation of additional bits and \/ or transformation of the original bit<br \/>\nchains in a chain of greater length and different structure. EDC allows<br \/>\njust to detect the fact of the error &#8211; distortion or loss of utility or<br \/>\nthe appearance of a false digit, however, the information transferred in this case<br \/>\nalso distorted; ECC allows you to immediately correct detected errors &#8211;<br \/>\nki, keeping the information that is transported unchanged. For convenience and reliability<br \/>\nthe transmitted information is divided into blocks (frames), each of which<br \/>\nsupplied with its own set of these codes.<\/p>\n<p>Each type of EDC \/ ECC has its own capacity limit to detect and<br \/>\ncorrect errors, followed by undetected errors again and<br \/>\ndistortion of the information that is transferred. The increase in EDC \/ ECC volume is related to<br \/>\nthe amount of initial information in the general case increases detection<br \/>\nthe ability to correct and correct these codes.<\/p>\n<p>Like EDC, the popular cyclic redundancy code CRC (Cyclic<br \/>\nRedundancy check), the essence of which is the complex mix of<br \/>\ninput information into the block and the formation of short binary words,<br \/>\nwhose ranks are in strong cross-dependence on each<br \/>\nblock bit. Changing even one bit in a block causes significant<br \/>\nthe change in CRC calculated from it, and the probability of such a bi-<br \/>\nwhat the CRC does not change is extremely small, even for a short time<br \/>\n(units of percentage of the length of the block) CRC words. As an ECC, use<br \/>\nHamming and Reed-Solomon codes are given, which<br \/>\nit also includes EDC functions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How is the digital representation of signals different from analog? Traditional analog representation of signals is based on similarity (similarity) electrical signals (changes in current and voltage) the initial signals they present (sound pressure, temperature, speed, etc.), as well as the similarity of the shapes of electrical signals in different personal points along the amplification &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/how-is-the-digital-representation-of-signals-different-from-analog-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;How is the digital representation of signals different from analog?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58521,58523,58522,58524,58526,58525],"class_list":["post-3027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio-video","tag-digital-representation-of-analog-signals","tag-digital-representation-of-analog-signals-notes","tag-digital-representation-of-analog-signals-ppt","tag-geometric-representation-of-signals-in-digital-communication","tag-geometric-representation-of-signals-in-digital-communication-pdf","tag-geometric-representation-of-signals-in-digital-communication-ppt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How is the digital representation of signals different from analog? - mp4gain.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mp4gain.com\/mp4gain\/how-is-the-digital-representation-of-signals-different-from-analog-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How is the digital representation of signals different from analog? - mp4gain.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How is the digital representation of signals different from analog? 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